Properties of Liquids

• Viscosity is the resistance of fluids to flow.
• If the IMFA is strong, the liquid will have a high viscosity because it will have a high resistance against flow.
• Temperature also affects viscosity. The higher the temperature, the lower the liquid's viscosity
• Factors that determine viscosity: Strength of Intermolecular Forces, Size or Shape of the Molecule, Temperature
• Temperature. Higher temperature means more kinetic energy which causes the intermolecular forces to dissipate and will result in a reduced viscosity.
• Strength Of Intermolecular Forces. The greater the attraction between the molecules; The Stickier and more viscous the liquid will be.
• Size or Shape of The Molecule. A Liquid with very tiny molecules will be less viscous because of enhanced mobility.
• Surface tension refers to the force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer.
• The Stronger the Cohesive forces the stronger the surface tension
• Vapor pressure. The pressure of the vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid above a sample of the liquid in a closed container.
• Boiling point. The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
• Liquids that have high vapor pressure have low boiling points. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid the lower its boiling point.
• Water is at its maximum density at a temperature of 40C (390F).
• Density. It indicates how compact or spread out the molecules of a substance are.
• Substances of a lower density cannot pass through a substance of higher density.
• Water has a relatively high boiling point (100C at 1 atm), which indicates its stability.
• Water has a high heat capacity because a lot of heat energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds found in a molecule of water.
• Water dissolves more substances than any other common liquid. That is why it is the most used polar solvent.
• Physical Properties of Water: Density, Boiling Point, Specific Heat, Solvent Action