Organic Chem Lec

• Organic and inorganic compounds form one of the primary basis for chemistry.
• The study of organic compounds is termed as organic chemistry and the study of inorganic compounds is inorganic chemistry.
• The primary difference that lies between these organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always have a carbon atom while most of the inorganic compounds do not contain the carbon atom in them. Almost all the organic compounds contain the carbon-hydrogen or a simple C-H bond in them.
• Organic compounds are combustible, compared with most inorganic compounds.
• Some organic compounds have no sharp melting points, and they decompose easily at moderately high temperatures. Comparatively, few of them ionize because of the nature of bonds (covalent) that hold their atoms together in a molecule. Accordingly, they are mostly non-electrolyte, with few weak electrolytes. They are practically insoluble in water and other polar solvents.
• Qualitative analysis is the analysis of the species present in a given compound.
• Qualitative analysis would be more focused on finding the elements and the ions present in the compound rather than study as to how much they are present.
• The qualitative analysis helps the scientists know the composition of the compound.
• The detection of various elements present in an organic compound is called qualitative analysis.
• Carbon is always present and hydrogen is present in almost all the organic compounds. Other commonly present elements in organic compounds are oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur and sometimes phosphorus.
• The most common fact that differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds is that the organic compounds mainly result from activities of a living being.
• Inorganic compounds are obtained from the natural processes which are not related to any of the life forms on earth or any result of human experiments which are conducted in laboratories.
• Ignition test - A test to determine if a material is combustible or not.
• One distinguishing property of organic compounds is that they are easily combustible.
• A combustion reaction will always occur when a substance reacts with oxygen to release energy.
• Factors of Solubility Test:              1. Temperature              2. * Polarity              3. Pressure              4. * Molecular size              5. * Surface area of Solute
• The main factor that determines the solubility of any organic compound is the polarity of the solute.
• Special rule in determining solubility and that is “Like Dissolves like”.
• • Electrical Conductivity - The ability of a material to allow the flow of electricity.
• The easiest way to determine whether a compound can conduct a current is to identify its molecular structure or composition.
• Compounds with strong conductivity dissociate completely into charged atoms or molecules, or ions, when dissolved in water. These ions can move and carry a current effectively.
• The higher the concentration of ions, the greater the conductivity.