Fossil Fuels and carbon cycle

• Fossil Fuels


  Fuels driven by global industrialisation and urbanisation
• Consumption of Fossil Fuels releases CO₂ to the atmosphere
• CO₂ concentrations have risen from 28.3 ppm to over 415 ppm (1750-2022)
• Anthropogenic emissions are the highest at least in the last 800,000 years
• Excess CO₂ in the atmosphere impacts the Earth's life support systems (climate, ocean and biosphere)
• Increased absorption of emissions by oceans and biosphere has not kept up with the growth in emissions
• Excess CO₂ makes oceans more acidic, lowering pH
• Higher CO₂ concentration increases photosynthesis
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)


  A possible solution to global warming where CO₂ emissions are captured and stored underground
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

  CO₂ is separated, compressed, transported by pipeline and injected into porous rocks deep underground for permanent storage
• CCS can reduce CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions by 30-90%
• CCS projects involve large capital costs and require significant energy to operate
• CCS requires specific geological conditions for the storage reservoirs (porous rock overlain by impermeable strata)