ISI

• Data Formats


  File extensions that define specific structures on how data is represented and organized
• Data Formats

  • .jpeg
  • .png
• DICOM

  Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine - used in healthcare - .dcm - standardized in 1985 by ACR and NEMA
• DICOM consists of

  • x-ray image
  • metadata
  • patient information
  • series information
  • image processing
  • annotations
  • security and privacy information
• Metadata


  Additional data - study information (type of x-ray, time, date), series information, image processing, annotations, security and privacy information
• Image Acquisition Gateways


  1. Step 1: image acquisition

  2. Step 2: image capture

  3. Step 3: converts analog signal to digital

  4. Step 4: image processing

  5. Step 5: compression

  6. Step 6: add metadata

  7. Step 7: stored and managed in PACS
• Scintillating Detectors


  Emits light when they receive radiation - radiation>light>electrical signals
• Photodiode Arrays


  Semiconductors - triggered by light
• Solid State Detectors


  Amorphous selenium, amorphous silicon - directly converts detected x-rays into digital information
• PACS

  Picture Archiving and Communication System - type of healthcare information system that stores and archives data
• Film and Developer Base Workflow


  • image acquisition > latent image
  • develop > manifest
  • film > to be interpreted > to be distributed
• Digital Image Acquisition


  • x-ray image is produced
  • x-ray image is interpreted
  • x-ray image is distributed to different department