neurones

• nervous system


  made up of neurones and glia
• neurone morphology

  cell body, dendrites, axon, axon terminals. cell membrane has sodium ion pump going in and potassium ions going out
• cell body of neurones (soma)

  houskeeper - contains organelles - nucleus - DNA stored - transcribed RNA transported to –

  ·       RER: second stage of protein synthesis

  ·       SER: folding

  ·       Golgi: packaged into vesicles

  ·       Mitochondria – oxidative phosphorylation  

  Store of calcium – RER
• The Cytoskeleton of Neurones

  Three types of filaments

  · Microtubule – largest

  · Neurofilament - second biggest

  · Microfilament – smallest, actin molecules

  · Can move
• The axon of neurones

  Extends from cell body, where it connects to body = axon hillock · End – axon terminal

  · Branches – collaterals

  · Axoplasm – cytoplasm – no RER – no protein synthesis

  · Proteins from cell body

  transmit info via action potential. MYELINATED - increase AP - conduction nodes of Ranvier - gaps in myelin - jump from node to node
• Axon Terminal

  connects to another neurone = synapse

  synapse vesicles = neurotransmitters

  lots of mitochondria
• Dendrites

  extend from cell body

  detect neurotransmitters

  have receptor proteins in membrane for specific neurotransmitters
• Basic Neuronal Communication

  Dendrites detect neurotransmitter at axon hillock

  travels along axon to axon terminal

  synapses with dendrites of next neurone

  neurotransmitter released

  NTM binds to receptors on postsynaptic neurone

  = ACTION POTENTIAL
• Convergence vs Divergence neuronal communication 


  Image

  
• Classification of Neurones 


  axonal projections, dendritic pattern, number of processes