HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM

• Hematologic System study of bloody and blood disorders.
• Importance:

  • Delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism in tissues
  • Removal of wastes of cellular metabolism
  • Defense against invading microorganisms and injury
  • Maintenance of acid-base balance
• Compositions of Hematologic System:

  • Plasma
  • Plasma proteins
  • Cellular Components
• Albumin: 58%
• Globulin: 38%
• Fibrinogen: 4%
• Protein: 7%
• Formed Elements:

  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Platelets
• Plasma: 55% of whole blood
• Plasma: liquid part of the blood
• Plasma: complex aqueous liquid containing a variety of organic and inorganic elements
• Serum: plasma that has been allowed to clot in the laboratory in order to remove fibrinogen and other clotting factors
• Plasma Proteins:

  • Albumin
  • Globulin
  • Fibrinogen
• Albumin: 60% of total plasma protein
• Albumin: only synthesized in the liver
• Albumin: carrier molecules of lipid-soluble substances
• Albumin: maintains oncotic pressure
• Globulins: help with immune responses
• Globulin

  • alpha-1 globulin
  • alpha-2 globulin
  • beta globulin
  • gamma globulin
• Fibrinogen: produced by the liver
• Fibrinogen: most plentiful of the clotting factors
• Fibrinogen: precursor of the fibrin clot
• Clotting Factors

  • promote coagulation
  • Fibrinogen
• Defense

  • antibodies and complement proteins
• Transport Proteins

  • TRANSFERRIN (Iron)
  • CERULOPLASMIN (Copper)
  • LIPOPROTEINS (lipid and steroid hormones)
  • RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN - Vitamin A
• • TRANSFERRIN (Iron)
• • CERULOPLASMIN (Copper)
• • LIPOPROTEINS (lipid and steroid hormones)
• • RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN - Vitamin A
• Regulatory Proteins

  • ALPHA-ANTITRYPSIN - protect the tissues from damage
  • PRECURSOR MOLECULES (e.g., kininogen) - converted into active biologic molecules when needed
  • PROTEIN HORMONES (e.g., cytokines) - communicate between cells
• • ALPHA-ANTITRYPSIN - protect the tissues from damage
• • PRECURSOR MOLECULES (e.g., kininogen) - converted into active biologic molecules when needed
• • PROTEIN HORMONES (e.g., cytokines) - communicate between cells
• Plasma: 55%
• Formed elements: 45%
• Cellular Components:

  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Platelets
• Erythrocytes (RBC)

  • Most abundant cells of the blood (48% men; 42% women)
• Erythrocytes (RBC)

  • function: tissue oxygenation
• Erythrocytes (RBC)

  • 80-120 days lifespan
• Erythrocytes (RBC)

  • Properties: (1) biconcave shape, (2) capacity to be reversibly deformed