biomolecules

• most abundant biomolecules on Earth.

  Carbohydrates
• Serves as main source of energy in all organisms

  Carbohydrates
• Simple sugars


  Monosaccharides, • Disaccharides
• Complex sugars


  Oligosaccharides, • Polysaccharides
• simple sugars with only one sugar unit.


  MONOSACCHARIDES
• 3 carbon sugars


  – triose –
• 5 carbon sugar


  pentose
• 6 carbon sugars


  hexoses
• are monosaccharides with an aldehyde group.

  Aldoses
• monosaccharides with a ketone group


  Ketoses
• simple sugars made up of two molecules of monosaccharides (C12H22O11 )


  DISACCHARIDES
• chemical process were two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide with the loss of water molecule. - Monosaccharide to disaccharide

  Dehydration reaction
• form when two monosaccharides are joined together through dehydration reaction

  Glycosidic linkage-
• glucose + fructose

  Sucrose
• two glucose molecules

  Maltose
• galactose + glucose.


  Lactose
• complex sugars made up of chains or branches of monosaccharides

  OLIGOSACCHARIDE and POLYSACCHARIDES
• refers to the number of monosaccharides present


  (C6H10O5 )n
• are capable of acting as energy storage or structural molecules as parts of cell structures.

  Polysaccharides
• Storage polysaccharides-


  Starch, glycogen
• Structural polysaccharides

  Chitin, Cellulose, lignin, Pectin