ELECTROLYTES

• ELECTROLYTES Are ions that are found in your body fluids.
• ELECTROLYTES They help to conduct electricity, energy, help control body fluids, and maintain hemostasis in the body.
• ELECTROLYTES Help the body to send messages from cell to cell, nerve to nerve and organ to organ.
• SODIUM (Na+)

  Normal Value: 135-145 mEq/L
• SODIUM (Na+) accounts for 90% of the ECF cations
• SODIUM (Na+) Maintained by the kidney primarily through renal tubular reabsorption
• SODIUM (Na+) Hormonal regulation of balance is mediated by aldosterone
• CHLORIDE: Normal level: 95-105 mEq/L
• HYPOCHLOREMIA (< 95mEq/L)
• HYPERCHLOREMIA (> 105mEq/L)
• HYPERNATREMIA (>145mEq/L)
• HYPONATREMIA (< 135mEq/L)
• POTASSIUM (K)

  • Normal Value: 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
• POTASSIUM (K)

  • Main roles : Muscle contraction and nerveimpulses
• HYPOKALEMIA (< 3.5mEq/L)
• HYPERKALEMIA (> 5.0mEq/L)
• CALCIUM: Normal value: 8.5 – 10.5 mg/dL
• CALCIUM: Regulated by: Vitamins D, parathyroid hormone calcitonin
• HYPOCALCEMIA (< 8.5mg/ dL)
• HYPERCALCEMIA (> 10.5mg/ dL)
• MAGNESIUM:

  • Serum : 1.5 – 3.5 mEq/L
• MAGNESIUM:

  • Main role: Nerves, muscle relaxation
• 1. HYPOMAGNESEMIA (< 1.5mEq/L)
• PHOSPHATE ( PO4)

  • Normal Value : 2.5 – 5.0mg/dl
• HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA ( > 5.0mg/dl)
• HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA ( < 2.0mg/dl)
• THE AFFECTING FLUID AND THE ELECTROLYTES

  Exit route: trauma, blood loss, burns, diarrhea, NG suctionDisease process: aldosterone and ADH problems
• FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM (Na+)

  Water balance

  Muscle contraction

  Acid-base balance

  Nerve impulses