Bryophytes (NonVascular Plants)

• Gemma cups contain gemmae. Gemma cups maximize exposure to rain.
• Antheridia are sperm producing structures
• Archegonia are egg producing structures
• Stalks that elevate suspend the gamete producing structures are called antheridiophores and archegoniophores
• Antheridia are positioned on top of the umbrella, maximizing exposure to rain. Archegonia are positioned on the bottom of the umbrella.
• Division Bryophyta: Mosses
• Division Anthocerophyta: Hornworts
• Division Marchantiophyta: Liverworts
• Occasionally, a sporophyte will be elevated above the mat of gametophytes by a stalk-like seta
• Liverwort - Divison Marchantiophyta

  
• Gemma cups present in liverworts