Movement 1

• Sonata form


  A musical form with three main sections: exposition, development, and recapitulation
• The first movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 104 is in sonata form
• Exposition


  • The material is exposed
• Development


  • The material is fragmented and messed around with, modulating through a range of slightly more distant keys
• Recapitulation


  • The music from the opening comes back again more or less as before
• In this symphony, the first subject and second subject are basically the same music, with the second subject presented in the dominant key
• Haydn had written at least 103 symphonies before this one, refining and concentrating his techniques
• Slow introduction to the first movement

  1. Bar 1-2: Mini first subject in D minor

  2. Bar 3-8: Transition

  3. Bar 9-14: Mini development in G minor and A minor

  4. Bar 14-16: Return to opening material in D minor
• Monothematic


  Using just one theme for the whole movement
• In the recapitulation


  Haydn deliberately creates a problem by not recapitulating the second subject material in the tonic key
• Haydn uses silence as a motif throughout the symphony, particularly in the recapitulation of the second subject in the first movement
• Main melodic motifs


  • Rising fifth idea
  • Falling arpeggio from bar 32
  • Inverted X motif from the beginning
• Haydn intensively uses and develops the main motifs throughout the monothematic sonata form movement