uts

• Society


  A group of people who live in a defined territory and who share the same culture. It also consists of institutions, shared beliefs, cultural ideas, and shared political authority.
• Habitualization


  When an action that is repeated often becomes cast into a pattern, and is then done again in the future in the same manner and with the same economical effort.
• Thomas theorem


  If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. People can be subjective in their construction of reality despite the objective reality.
• Self-fulfilling prophecy


  Even a false idea can become true, as shown by the example of a bank run.
• Roles


  Patterns of behavior that we identify in others that represent their social status.
• Status


  The responsibilities and benefits a person experiences based on their rank and role in society. There are ascribed statuses (not selected) and achieved statuses (obtained by choices).
• Role strain


  When there is too much required from a single role.
• Role conflict


  When one or more roles are contradictory.
• Role performance


  How individuals express their roles.
• Dramaturgy


  People use "impression management" to present their selves to others as they hope to be perceived. Each situation is a different scene and people play different roles depending on who is there.
• Looking-glass self


  We base our image on what we think other people see, and how they would react to us.
• Socialization


  The process wherein people are taught to be proficient members of society, learning societal norms, beliefs, and values.
• Imitation stage


  Children copy the actions of the people surrounding them.
• Play stage


  Children take on roles that other people around them have like their parents or grown-ups, and learn to consider various roles at the same time and how those roles interact with one another.
• Generalized other


  Individuals can imagine how they are viewed by one or others.
• Moral development


  The way people distinguish the good and bad in society, preventing people from doing unchecked urges.
• Pre-conventional stage


  Children experience the world around them through their senses.
• Conventional stage


  People become more aware of others' feelings and consider those when weighing what's right or wrong.
• Post-conventional stage


  People begin to think of morality in abstract terms, realizing that legality does not equate to morality.
• Gender bias in Kohlberg's theory

  Kohlberg's research was only conducted on male subjects, while Gilligan's research shows that boys and girls have a different understanding of morality.
• Justice perspective


  Boys tend to highlight rules and laws.
• Care and responsibility perspective

  Girls tend to consider people's reasons for their wrong actions.
• Agents of socialization


  Social group agents (family, peer groups) and institutional agents (schools, workplaces, government, mass media) that teach people to behave in a certain way and how to navigate in society.