Mongol Empire

Cards (43)

  • Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death
    Remained united but led by different successors
  • Chinggis Khan's division of the empire
    1. Divided into four sections
    2. Each for one of his sons
  • Ogodei
    Chinggis Khan's third son, became ruler of the Mongol Empire
  • Ogodei's reign (1221-1241)

    1. Continued Mongol expansion by conquering Russian lands including Kiev
    2. Christians in Eastern Europe wrongly assumed Mongols were allies against Muslims
  • Mongols demanded Europeans give one tenth of their wealth
    When they refused, Mongols attacked Poland and advanced to near Vienna
  • Ogodei's death
    Mongols retreated and never returned to conquer Europe
  • Mongol practices that weakened unity
    • Reliance on darughachi to govern territory meant no organised empire-wide bureaucracy
    • Allowed darughachi governments to use local languages
    • Never imposed cultural demands, so no sense of unity developed
  • Mongol defeats weakened the empire
  • Hulegu
    Chinggis Khan's grandson, led campaign to capture Baghdad
  • 1.7 million people died in the siege of Baghdad</b>
  • Abbasid caliphate ended
  • Mongols tried to expand into Egypt
    Mamluk Caliphate fought harder than expected
  • Mamluks
    Raised to be warriors
  • Weakened by hot, dry summer
    Mongols lost to the Mamluks and gave up attempts to take Egypt and the Levant
  • Rival Mongol princes named different men as the new Khan
  • Qipchaq Khanate ruler in Russia asked Mamluks to form alliance against his cousin who ruled the Il-Khanate
  • By 1263, Mongol Empire had broken up into four sections, each ruled by a different Mongol prince
  • Il-Khanate
    Mongol Khanate ruled by Hulegu and his descendants
  • In 1295, Il-Khanate ruler converted to Islam as most subjects were Muslim
  • 3 of the 4 Mongol Khanates would convert to Islam
  • Heavy taxes, harsh rule, and the Black Death led to the breakup of the Il-Khanate in 1335
  • Il-Khanate produced the first history of the world
  • Qipchaq Khanate (Golden Horde)

    • Mongols conquered the region including Kiev in 1230s
    • Mongol rulers converted to Islam but allowed religious freedom
    • Mongol rule isolated Russia from the rest of Europe and delayed its growth
  • Kiev was devastated by the Golden Horde, and many princes fled to Moscow
  • Moscow fared better with the Mongols than Kiev did and was becoming more powerful
  • In 1480, Moscow's Prince Ivan refused to pay any more tribute to the Mongols
  • In 1481, the current Khan of the Qipchaq Khanate was assassinated and the khanate began to break apart
  • Mongol expansion into China
    • Chinggis Khan first expanded into northern China around 1209
    • Mongols were brutal to northern Chinese but made accommodations for the prosperous Song Dynasty in the south
  • Kublai Khan
    • Became ruler and established the Yuan Dynasty
    • Gave his ancestors Chinese names
    • Built infrastructure, limited death penalty, supported peasant farming, prohibited Mongols from grazing on farmland
    • Tried to show he possessed Confucian values
    • Welcomed many foreigners to his dynasty
  • Tibelas
    • Kingdoms
    • MONGOLS
    • Dynasty
    • Dall
    • Airaton
    • Dynasty
    • Goryeo
    • Japan
    • Aing
  • The Mongol Conquest of China
    Took place over 70 years
  • Chinggis Khan first expanded into Northern China from Mongol land

    1207
  • Mongols
    Did not need land or tribute from the Chinese
  • In 1230 Ogedal Khan suggested killing everyone in Northern China and using their land for herds
  • How the Mongols conquered the Song Dynasty
    1. Chinggis Khan took over the western Xia
    2. Song Dynasty allied with Mongols and Ogedal Khan to defeat the An
    3. Mongols took over the Dall
  • Kubblai Khan adopted a Chinese name for his dynasty called the van

    1271
  • Kubblai Khan
    • Gave his son a Chinese education and name
    • Restored Chinese Court rituals
    • Adopted Chinese style of dress
    • Understood to be successful in China he had to convince the Chinese that he had the Mandate of Heaven
  • Kubblai Khan moved the capital of the Yuan Dynasty from Saratorum to Khanbalik
  • Reasons for the Collapse of the Yuan Dynasty
    • Distinct Social Classes
    • Mongol/Yuan Dynasty Alienation From Chinese Culture
    • Death of Kubblai Khan
    • Natural Disasters & Disease
    • Peasant Revolts
  • Zhu Yuanzhang
    • AKA Ming Taizu
    • Born a peasant and then became a Buddhist monk
    • Leads the revolt against the Yuan Dynasty
    • Becomes Emperor Hongwu
    • Believed no one could change their social position