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Mongol Empire
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Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death
Remained
united
but led by
different
successors
Chinggis Khan's division of the empire
1. Divided into
four
sections
2. Each for
one
of his sons
Ogodei
Chinggis Khan's
third
son, became ruler of the Mongol Empire
Ogodei's
reign (1221-1241)
1. Continued Mongol expansion by
conquering
Russian lands including
Kiev
2. Christians in
Eastern
Europe wrongly assumed Mongols were
allies
against Muslims
Mongols demanded Europeans give one
tenth
of their
wealth
When they refused, Mongols attacked
Poland
and advanced to near
Vienna
Ogodei's death
Mongols
retreated and never returned to
conquer Europe
Mongol practices that weakened unity
Reliance on
darughachi
to govern territory meant no
organised empire-wide bureaucracy
Allowed darughachi governments
to use
local languages
Never
imposed cultural demands
, so no sense of
unity
developed
Mongol
defeats
weakened
the empire
Hulegu
Chinggis Khan's
grandson, led campaign to capture
Baghdad
1.7
million people died in the siege of
Baghdad
</b>
Abbasid caliphate
ended
Mongols tried to expand into Egypt
Mamluk Caliphate
fought
harder
than expected
Mamluks
Raised to be
warriors
Weakened by hot, dry summer
Mongols
lost to the Mamluks and gave up attempts to take
Egypt
and the Levant
Rival Mongol princes named different men as the new
Khan
Qipchaq Khanate
ruler in Russia asked
Mamluks
to form alliance against his cousin who ruled the Il-Khanate
By
1263
, Mongol Empire had broken up into four sections, each ruled by a different Mongol
prince
Il-Khanate
Mongol Khanate
ruled by
Hulegu
and his descendants
In
1295
,
Il-Khanate
ruler converted to Islam as most subjects were Muslim
3
of the 4 Mongol Khanates would convert to
Islam
Heavy taxes
, harsh rule, and the
Black Death
led to the breakup of the Il-Khanate in 1335
Il-Khanate
produced the
first
history of the world
Qipchaq Khanate
(
Golden Horde
)
Mongols
conquered the region including
Kiev
in 1230s
Mongol rulers converted to
Islam
but allowed
religious freedom
Mongol rule
isolated Russia
from the rest of
Europe
and delayed its growth
Kiev was devastated by the
Golden Horde
, and many princes fled to
Moscow
Moscow
fared better with the Mongols than Kiev did and was becoming more
powerful
In
1480
, Moscow's Prince
Ivan
refused to pay any more tribute to the Mongols
In 1481, the current Khan of the
Qipchaq Khanate
was assassinated and the
khanate
began to break apart
Mongol expansion into China
Chinggis Khan
first expanded into
northern
China around 1209
Mongols were brutal to northern Chinese but made accommodations for the prosperous
Song Dynasty
in the
south
Kublai Khan
Became ruler and established the
Yuan
Dynasty
Gave his ancestors
Chinese
names
Built infrastructure, limited
death penalty
, supported
peasant farming
, prohibited Mongols from grazing on farmland
Tried to show he possessed
Confucian
values
Welcomed many
foreigners
to his dynasty
Tibelas
Kingdoms
MONGOLS
Dynasty
Dall
Airaton
Dynasty
Goryeo
Japan
Aing
The Mongol
Conquest
of
China
Took place over
70
years
Chinggis Khan first expanded into
Northern
China from Mongol land
1207
Mongols
Did not need
land
or tribute from the
Chinese
In
1230 Ogedal Khan
suggested killing everyone in
Northern
China and using their land for herds
How the Mongols conquered the Song Dynasty
1.
Chinggis Khan
took over the western Xia
2. Song Dynasty allied with
Mongols
and
Ogedal Khan
to defeat the An
3. Mongols took over the
Dall
Kubblai Khan
adopted a Chinese name for his dynasty called the van
1271
Kubblai Khan
Gave his son a
Chinese education
and
name
Restored
Chinese Court rituals
Adopted Chinese
style of
dress
Understood to be successful in China he had to convince the Chinese that he had the
Mandate
of
Heaven
Kubblai Khan
moved the capital of the
Yuan
Dynasty from Saratorum to Khanbalik
Reasons for the Collapse of the Yuan Dynasty
Distinct
Social
Classes
Mongol/Yuan Dynasty
Alienation
From Chinese Culture
Death of
Kubblai Khan
Natural
Disasters &
Disease
Peasant
Revolts
Zhu
Yuanzhang
AKA
Ming Taizu
Born a
peasant
and then became a
Buddhist
monk
Leads the revolt against the Yuan Dynasty
Becomes Emperor
Hongwu
Believed no one could change their
social
position
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