Mendelian/Nonmendelian

• What is biotechnology?


  Technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of this to develop or creat different products.
• GMOs stands for?


  Genetically Modified Organisms
• How do you analyze genetic fingerprinting results?

  Patterns of the DNA bands
• Genotype: the combination of alleles in an organism Ex. Aa, AA, aa
• Phenotype: the physical appearance of a person or organism, as a result of genes
• Homozygous: 2 identical alleles
• Heterozygous: 2 different alleles
• Hybrid: A combination of two or more species
• Purebred: An organism that breeds the same species
• Allele: different versions of genes
• Carrier: a person or thing that carries, holds, or conveys a gene
• Dominant: the stronger of 2 genes expressed in the genotype
• Recessive: A trait that is expressed only when the allele is present in the genotype.
• Probability: the chance of a gene being present
• Codominance: when both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
• Incomplete Dominance: A phenotype that is intermediate between the two alleles.
• How many blood types are there?

  4
• What are the 3 different allele types?

  A, B, and O
• There are 23 pairs of sex chromosomes
• XX: female
• XY: Male
• Sex-linked Gene: A gene that is located on the sex chromosome
• Males only need 1 copy of a sex-linked disorder on a X-chromosome to produce the phenotype
• Females need 2 X-chromosomes to inherit the disorder
• Polygenic Inheritance: A trait that is controlled by multiple genes.
• Why can females be carriers?

  Because they have 2 X-chromosomes
• X^hX^h = affected female
• X^HX^h= carrier female
• X^HX^H= unaffected female
• X^HY= unaffected male
• X^hY= affected male
• Pedigree: a family tree that records and traces the occurrence of a trait
• Males- squares (pedigree)
• Females- circles (pedigree)
• Shaded in people have the trait of focus (pedigree)