RAWs

• Reading is not an effortless task as it requires complex cognitive process, transmission of images, and it is a language skill that can be developed through constant practice.
• 3 Reading Proces:

  1. Pre-reading
  2. While-reading
  3. Post-reading
• Pre-reading - it aims to induce the readers’ motivation to read and to activate their schema or background knowledge.
• While-reading - rereading the text until you fully understand its meaning
• Post-reading - checking the understanding of the text after reading
• Mastering basic reading skills enables a reader to increase their reading speed, comprehension, and overall vocabulary
• Rapid reading - aims to locate specific information or main idea in a very short span of time
• Skimming - getting the main idea by reading through the text quickly.
• Scanning - it aims to get specific information from a given text
• Previewing -  it is a skill wherein a reader looks over a material and focuses on the information he/she finds relevant.
• Inferential Reading – it refers to the process of deducing facts and ideas that are not directly expressed in the text.
• Literal reading - it involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in the printed material.
• Critical Reading – it refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity, and logic.
• Critical reading - Distinguishing facts from opinion and detecting logical fallacies (faulty reasoning that appears convincing)
• Developmental Reading - a systematic instruction which aims to develop the students' reading skills.
• Pleasure Reading - a more passive type of reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment and entertainment.
• • Functional Reading - designed to help students learn basic functional reading ability.
• • Remedial Reading -aims to correct the effects of poor teaching and poor learning.
• Patterns of Development

  - It is the logical arrangement of ideas that helps you to follow ideas easily, as well to recognize and predict ideals to understand a text better.
• Definition – it helps to clarify ideas by answering the question of “what does it means?"
• Exemplification – it organizes the idea; represents the general statement and provide specific concrete examples to expound on the main idea and clarify a point, argument, or concept
• Description – a pattern that provides details on the idea by using sensory or spatial pattern or arranges ideas by location or physical space.
• Chronology/Procedure/Listing – a pattern that organizes ideas or events chronologically according to time. It can be in the form of narration, process, or enumeration
• Cause and Effect – a pattern that organizes details based on the cause (problem), and the result (solution) of a certain action or phenomenon
• Compare and Contrast – a pattern that organizes ideas based on how similar or different two concepts from one and another
• Plagiarism - Presenting someone else’s work as your own
• Plagiarism - involve borrowing an idea from a book without properly attributing it to the author or copying and pasting information from a website into a project you’re working on
• Although it is not a crime, it is punishable by law based on the Copyright Infringement under Section 217 of R.A. No. 8293 or the Intellectual Property Code
• To avoid committing plagiarism, always give credit when quoting other people's works, paraphrasing their words, or summarizing their ideas.
• Quote a text that conveys a powerful message or will show less impact if paraphrased or summarize
• Change the words or phrasing of a passage, but retain and communicate the original meaning
• Summarize should be shorter than the original passage
• Paraphrasing is usually longer or same length as the original text
• criteria in evaluating sources:

  1. relevance to the topic
  2. authors' qualification
  3. date of publication
  4. accuracy of information
  5. location of sources
• Relevance to the topic - reading the overview (abstract or table of contents) or checking the title and headers to know if the source can support the topic
• Authors qualification - Check the author’s name, previous works, contact information, as well as, sources and citations
• Date of publication - it is considred valid if it is published five years earlier
• Accuracy of information

  1. The tone of the author towards his/her subject must be formal
  2. It must not sound biased or prejudiced
• Location of sources

  • the source should be published in reputable sites those with edu., go., org.
  • avoid using blogs or wiki sites
  • have complete publication information
• Why do we cite?

  • to give credit or attribution to the authorof the original work
  • To promote scholarly writing
  • To help your target audience to identify your original source