Tour 24 chapter 1

• Tourism Policy - a set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directives, and development or promotion objectives and strategies that provide framework within which the collective, as well as individual decisions directly affecting long-term tourism development and the daily activities within a destination are taken.
• the process to identify and prioritize current tourism development issues (situation analysis)- Gathering and evaluating information
• The process in the destination (vision, goals, and objectives setting)- Imaging a desired future state of tourism
• and the process for achieving them (strategy formulation)- Choosing from a number of alternatives
• VISION- a desired future state of the destination.
• GOALS- broad-based targets for tourism; qualitatively stated.
• OBJECTIVES- SMART targets; quantitatively stated
• SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, relevant, and time-bound
• STRATEGIES - broad statement of methods by which objectives will be achieved.
• ACTION or IMPLEMENTAION PLAN - details of how the strategies will be implemented.
• 4 types of tourism planning dimension: Levels, time frame, scope, and spatial units
• Levels:

  • International
  • National
  • Regional
  • Provincial
  • Municipal/City
  • Site Level
• Time Frames:

  • Short-term (2years or less)
  • Medium-term (2-5 years)
  • Long-term (more than 5 years)
• Scope - Master Plan

  • Physical plan (structure plan and the transportation infrastructure plan) 
  • Environmental management plan 
  • Conservation management plan 
  • Entrepreneurship development plan 
  • Institutional framework plan 
  • Human resource development plan 
  • Marketing plan 
  • Investment promotion plan
• Spatial Units:

  Tourist site- an area that contains one or more tourist attractions.
• tourist attractions - a physical or cultural feature of a particular place that individual travellers or tourists perceive as capable of meeting one or more of their specific leisure-related needs,
• Tourist attractions - any object, person, place, or concept that draws people either geographically or through remote electronic means so that they might have an experience.
• Tourism development area - an area designated for possessing an important site or groups of tourist sites
• Tourism development area - any town or city that has one or more tourist sites.
• Tourism cluster - Composed of two or more TDAs
• Tourism circuit - a route involving at least three major tourist destinations which are located in different towns, villages, or cities
• tourism circuit - destinations with common characteristics or themes
• Tourism corridor - a route defined by a theme (e.g., Silk Road Heritage Corridor, a civilization) spanning several countries or even continents
• Tourist destination - a tourism development unit, regardless of the area, number, and levels of political units involved
• A composite product, Intangible, With long gestation periods, Capital Intensive, Cultural and nature as its main assets, Subject to external forces, Exerts impacts, Dynamic and competitive, and Involves stakeholders - TOURISM CHARACTERISTICS AND PLANNING IMPLICATIONS
• BENEFITS OF TOURISM PLANNING

  • Tourism planning forces us to focus on the task at hand.
  • It enhances critical thinking.
  • It is efficient, prevents waste of time, money, and effort, and avoids mistakes.
• FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

  • Availability of tourism-relevant data
  • Availability of tourism planning expertise
  • Type and variety of tourism resources
  • Culture of the destination residents 
  • Geographic location and spatial distribution of tourism development units.
  • Target Markets
  • Stage in tourism area life cycle (TALC)
  • Tourism Development paradigm
  • National tourism policy and legislation
  • Perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders
  • Awareness of external forces
  • Financial capital requirements
• Availability and quality of tourism-relevant data – affect the level of accuracy of estimating supply capacity, forecasting demand, and monitoring outcomes.
• Caliber of planning expertise – determines the quality of planning outputs. Expertise can only be built over long years of education and professional experience
• Type and variety of tourism resources – limit options for tourism product development. Destinations can capitalize on unique cultural or natural assets by developing tourism products around them
• Kind of tourism resources in adjacent destinations – has implications on competitive strategies.
• Culture of destination residents – impacts the kind of tourists attracted to it.
• Location has direct impacts on climate, security, vulnerability to natural disasters and infrastructure requirements.
• Climate affects the seasonality of tourism, the range of activities that can be offered to the tourists, the kinds of foods available, and the types of buildings that can be constructed.
• Location also affects real and perceived security. 
• Spatial distribution affects cost of travel, duration of tours, and cost of providing utilities and public services.
• Target markets – influence the kind of amenities and services that are offered in the destination.
• Stage in the TALC – has an effect on the prevailing attitudes of residents to tourists and development strategies
• Doxey Irridex Model suggests that residents’ attitudes toward tourism deteriorate from euphoria in the introduction stage to apathy in the growth stage, irritation in the maturity stage, and antagonism in the decline stage of tourism development.
• 6 Stages in TALC: Exploration, Involvement, Development, Consolidation, Stagnation, and Decline/Rejuvenation