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• Vocal music


  The best tool for expressing one's emotions
• Vocal music became more conspicuous during the Romantic period
• Romanticism coincided with the industrial revolution in Western Europe
• Opera


  Provides the best opportunities for all aspects of the music of the Romantic period to be combined into a single form
• Romantic operas


  • Extravagant spectacles with a tendency toward heroic and epic subjects, supernaturalism, mystery, and passion
• Opera


  A musical composition having all or most of its text set to music with arias, recitatives, choruses, duets, trios, etc. sung to orchestral accompaniment
• Opera


  Usually characterized by elaborate costumes, scenery, and choreography
• Components of an opera

  • Libretto
  • Score
  • Recitative
  • Aria
• Libretto


  The text of an opera, where the librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story
• Score


  The book that the composer and librettist put together, containing all the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story
• Recitative


  Declamatory singing used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera
• Aria


  An air or solo singing part sung by a principal character, which the public will remember best when leaving the opera house
• Male voice types

  • Tenor is the highest male voice.
  • Baritone is the middle tone voice
  • Bass is the lowest male voice
• Female voice types


  • Soprano is the highest female voice
  • Coloratura is the highest soprano voice
  • Lyric is the bright and full sound
  • Dramatic is the darker and full sound
  • Mezzo-soprano is the middle tone voice of female
  • Contralto is the lowest and rare voice in females
• A Cappella


  One or more singers performing without instrumental accompaniment
• OPERA COMPOSERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

  • VERDI
  • PUCCINI
• VERDI


  Insisted on a good libretto and wrote operas with political overtones for a middle-class audience
• VERDI was born in Parma, Italy


  October 9, 1813
• VERDI's first opera "OBERTO" was performed in La Scala, the most important opera house at the time
• VERDI completed 25 operas throughout his career
• VERDI's much-acclaimed works


  • La Traviata
  • Rigoletto
  • Falstaff
  • Otello
  • Aida (where he wrote for the opening of the Suez Canal)
• VERDI died in Milan, Italy


  January 27, 1901
• PUCCINI


  Belonged to a group of composers who stressed realism, therefore, he drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes from mythology and history
• PUCCINI was born in a poor family in Lucca, Italy


  December 22, 1858
• PUCCINI studied at the Milan Conservatory
• PUCCINI's famous operas


  • La Boheme
  • Tosca
  • Madame Butterfly
  • Turandot
• VERDI was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813
• PUCCINI was born in a poor family on December 22, 1858, in Lucca, Italy
• Cantabile


  In a singing style
• Capo


  Head, the beginning
• Coda


  Closing section appended to a movement or song
• Falsetto


  A weaker and more airy voice usually in the higher pitch ranges
• Glissando


  Sliding quickly between 2 notes
• Passagio


  Parts of a singing voice where register transitions occur
• Rubato


  Slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist
• Tessitura


  The most comfortable singing range of a singer
• Vibrato


  Rapidly repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note, to give a richer & more varied sound
• •Schubert developed lieder so that they had a powerful dramatic impact on the listeners.
• schubert is considered the last of the Classical composers and one of the first romantic ones.
• schubert His famous vocal music works/ Lieder were: “Gretchen am Spinnrade”, “Erlkonig”, “Ellens Gesang III” (“Ave Maria”), and “Schwanenge sang” (“Swan Song”).