cold war

• List 2 consequences of the Yalta conference

  - Germany was to be reduced in size and demilitarised, as well as forced to pay reparations

  - The UN was to be set up
• List 2 consequences of the Tehran conference

  - USA and Britain agreed to open a second front with Germany in Europe

  - The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan after the war was over (in support of the US after pearl harbour)
• List 2 consequences of the Potsdam Conference

  - Germany and Berlin were to be divided into 4 zones

  - Disagreements between Stalin and Truman as US wanted free elections in Eastern Europe and Stalin refused. Described as 'unwelcome interference
• List 2 consequences of the Truman Doctrine

  - Truman announced that the world is divided

  - Comecon and Cominform were set up in Soviet retaliation
• List 2 consequences of the Marshall Plan


  - European economies were strengthened as $17 billion were provided by the US

  - There was a clearer divide between East and West Europe

  - Berlin blockade + airlift
• List 2 consequences of the Berlin Blockade

  - Berlin airlift

  - Formation of NATO
• List 2 consequences of the Berlin Airlift

  - Berlin and Germany became clearly divided between East and West

  - Formation of NATO
• List 2 consequences of the formation of NATO

  - Strengthened European countries and prevented Soviet expansion

  - Formation of the Warsaw Pact
• List 2 consequences of the formation of the Warsaw Pact

  - Rivalled NATO

  - Intensified the arms race
• List 2 consequences of the Arms Race

  - Both superpowers were in the possession of masses of nuclear weapons

  - Cuban Missile Crisis
• List 2 consequences of the Soviet satellite 'Sputnik'

  - USA increased military spending and had been beaten to space

  - Formation of NASA
• List 2 consequences of the Hungarian Uprising


  - Khrushchev showed that he was 'An iron fist in a velvet glove'. 'Peaceful coexistence' was a sham

  - Warned other Eastern Bloc countries of the consequences of retaliation
• List 2 consequences of the Berlin Wall's construction

  - Tensions increased for a while (Checkpoint Charlie Stand-off)

  - Kennedy's 'Ich bin ein Berliner' speech
• List 2 consequences of the Cuban Revolution 1959

  ANY 2:

  - US banned Cuban imports such as sugar

  - Cuban Missile Crisis

  - Cuba became Communist

  - Bay of Pigs invasion
• List 2 consequences of the Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961

  ANY 2:

  - Humiliation for the USA

  - Operation Mongoose

  - Cuban Missile Crisis (Khrushchev began placing nuclear weapons to Cuba)
• List 2 consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis

  ANY 2:

  - Huge increase in rivalry and tension between US and SU

  - Khrushchev removed from power for 'weakness' and humiliation

  - Hotline between Washington and Kremlin was established

  - Détente
• List 2 consequences of the Prague Spring Reforms


  - The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia

  - Influence on other Eastern Bloc countries (e.g: Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact)
• List 2 consequences of the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

  - Eurocommunism began to spread in Western Europe (originated in France)

  - Czechoslovakia reverted into strict communist rule
• List 2 consequences of Gorbachev coming to power in the Soviet Union


  - Glasnost (openness) meant greater freedom for Russian people

  - Perestroika (restructuring) improvement of Soviet infrastructure
• List 2 consequences of Reagan becoming president for superpower relations

  - the SDI (star wars)

  - 'Second Cold War' due to Reagan's new defence policy which worsened relations
• List 2 consequences of Gorbachev's 'new thinking' on eastern Europe

  - Loss of control of:

  Hungary

  East Germany (reunified)

  Czechoslovakia

  Poland

  
  

  Due to 'glasnost
• List 2 consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

  ANY 2:

  - Carter Doctrine (part of which included providing aid to all countries surrounding Afghanistan)

  - End of Detente

  - Boycott of Moscow Olympics (and Gulag Bear propaganda)
• How do you structure an analytical narrative?

  - 3 paragraphs:

  
  

  If the question asks to write a narrative account on a specific event:

  
  

  -Causes

  -Events

  -Effects

  
  

  Or if it asks to cover a set of dates (e.g: 1970's):

  
  

  -Event at the start of the period

  -Event after Para 1

  -Event after Para 2

  
  

  YOU NEED TO EXPLAIN HOW EACH EVENT LED TO THE NEXT
• How do you structure a consequences question?

  - 2 paragraphs:

  
  

  Explain how the

  historical event led to the consequence.

  
  

  Explain the consequence in as much detail as possible

  
  

  (x2)
• How do you structure an importance question?

  - 2 PEE's:

  
  

  - State why something caused something else

  
  

  - Discuss an example, supported by evidence

  
  

  - Link your example back to the point

  
  

  (x2)
• State 2 reasons why the Tehran was important for superpower relations

  - USA and Britain agreed to open a second front with Germany in Europe

  - The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan after the war was over (in support of the US after pearl harbour)
• State 2 reasons why the Potsdam Conference was important for superpower relations

  ANY 2:

  - Increased tensions (atomic bomb)

  - Division of Germany and Berlin was confirmed

  - unofficial start of the Cold War
• State 2 reasons why the Yalta conference was important for superpower relations

  - Germany was to be reduced in size and demilitarised, as well as forced to pay reparations

  - The UN was to be set up
• State 2 reasons why the Truman Doctrine was important for superpower relations

  - Officially starts rivalry between the US and the USSR (containment of communism)

  - Made USSR set up Comecon (economic) and Cominform (social and political)
• State 2 reasons why the Marshall Plan was important for superpower relations

  - Showed a clear divide between East and West Europe (Eastern Bloc countries were forced to refuse)

  - Strengthened the US's European allies ($17bn)
• State 2 reasons why the Berlin Blockade was important for superpower relations

  - Greatly increased tensions and showed Berlin and Germany clearly divided

  - Caused the Berlin Airlift
• State 2 reasons why the Berlin Airlift was important for superpower relations

  - NATO was set up, important role in history

  - West Germany became the FRG and East Germany became the GDR
• State 2 reasons why the formation of NATO was important for superpower relations

  - It united Western powers to prevent Soviet expansion

  - Caused and rivalled the Warsaw Pact
• State 2 reasons why the formation of the Warsaw Pact was important for superpower relations

  - Soviet Union had buffer zones in case of a Western invasion

  - Effective combatant of NATO
• State 2 reasons why the Arms Race was important for superpower relations

  - Mutually Assured Destruction became known for the first time in history. Churchill called it a 'balance of terror'

  - Massive increase in tension as SU and US try to outcompete each other (e.g: first Hydrogen Bomb by US was done 2 months later by SU)
• State 2 reasons why Hungarian Uprising was important for superpower relations

  - It set an example to other satellite states not to threaten the Warsaw Pact

  - It showed that Khrushchev's 'peaceful coexistence' was a sham
• State 2 reasons why the Berlin Wall was important for superpower relations

  - Kennedy gains popularity in Europe (ich bin ein berliner)

  - Tensions were high for a while during the early stages (checkpoint charlie)
• State 2 reasons why the Cuban Revolution was important for superpower relations

  - Cuba became close to the Soviet Union and communist

  - Bay of Pigs invasion was needed to try and overthrow Castro
• State 2 reasons why the Bay of Pigs invasion was important for superpower relations

  ANY 2:

  - Humiliation for the USA

  - Operation Mongoose

  - Cuban Missile Crisis (Khrushchev began placing nuclear weapons to Cuba)
• State 2 reasons why the Cuban Missile Crisis was important for superpower relations

  - Khrushchev removed from power

  - Detente started