A POISONED PATIENT: GENERAL MANAGEMENT

• PRIMARY SURVEY

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • ASSESS IF THE PATIENT HAS __ ___

  GAG REFLEX
• PRIMARY SURVEY

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • Testing for gag reflex avoids ____ during intubation

  aspiration
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • _____ is clinically a life threatening event as foreign objects, stomach contents, and food materials pass through the airways and lungs can cause obstruction of airway leading to death

  Aspiration
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • Incapability of gag reflex is a usual sign of __ __, or __ __

  nerve damage, brain damage
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • If patients has gag reflex, ____ with ___ can be done.

  intubation, devices
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • However, if there are no devices available during the unwanted event, the following procedures may help the patient access airway:
  • Place the neck and the head in a “____” position

  sniffing
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • to place the patient in this position, paramedics put pillow under a patient’s ____ (back part of the head or skull)

  occiput
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • this position generally improves pharyngeal airway

  Sniffing Position
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • in unconscious patients, the muscles of his jaw and tongue relaxes. The tongue typically falls behind the posterior pharyngeal wall blocking the airway leading to airway obstruction. What maneuver?

  Head tilt and Chin lift Maneuver
• What maneuver?

  Head tilt and Chin lift Maneuver

  
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • this management is used to prevent the tongue obstructing the upper airways, which commonly occurs in unconscious patients.

  Head tilt and Chin lift Maneuver
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • this lift the tongue away from the posterior pharynx and improves airway patency

  Head tilt and Chin lift Maneuver
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management: Head tilt and Chin lift Maneuver

  • CAUTION: if __ injury is suspected, DO NOT PERFORM.

  neck
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • used in patients with suspected spinal injury or neck injury, and is used in patients on a supine position.

  Jaw Thrust Maneuver
• What maneuver?

  Jaw Thrust Maneuver

  
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  1. Airway

  Management:

  • suitable for endotracheal intubation

  Sniffing Position
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  2. Breathing

  • after optimizing the patient for an accessible airway, signs of ____ should be checked

  breathing
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  Breathing Problems

  • paralysis of ventilatory muscles

  Ventilatory Failure
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  Breathing Problems

  
  

  Ventilatory Failure due to: (3)FSC

  1. Flaccid Paralysis
  2. Spastic Paralysis
  3. CNS Depression
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  Breathing Problems

  
  

  3. CNS Depression. Causes (3)

  1. Intake of antipsychotic drugs
  2. Intake of alcohol
  3. Intake of antidepressants
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  2. Breathing

  • after optimizing the patient for an accessible airway, signs of breathingshould be checked. T or F?

  T
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  • Breathing Problems:

  HYPOXIA(2) IC

  1. Inert Gases
  2. Cellular Hypoxia
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  • Breathing Problems:

  HYPOXIA

  1. Inert Gases: (4) CMPN
  2. CO2
  3. Methane
  4. Propane
  5. Nitrogen
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  • Breathing Problems:

  HYPOXIA

  2. Cellular Hypoxia(3) CCH

  1. CO
  2. Cyanide
  3. H2S
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  • Breathing Problems:

  Bronchospasm: Due to (4) BHOC

  1. Beta blockers
  2. Hydrocarbon aspiration
  3. Organophosphates
  4. Carbamates
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  3. Circulation

  Management:

  • check for blood flow (___/__/__ etc.)

  fingernails, toenails, ear
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management:

  • check for blood flow (fingernails/toenails/ear etc.)
  • [Also on the secondary survey]
  • Check__ __, __ __ and ___
  • Begin continuous ___ rhythm
  • Secure ___ access
  • Draw ___ for routine studies
  • Begin __ infusion
  • blood pressure, pulse rate, rhythm
  • ECG
  • venous
  • blood
  • IV
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls when the heart contracts.

  SYSTOLIC (Upper value/First Number)
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart muscle is resting between contractions.

  DIASTOLIC (Lower value/Second Number)
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • Blood pressure numbers of less than 120/80 mmHg(millimeters of mercury) are considered within the ___ range

  NORMAL
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • when readings consistently range from 120-129 systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic. People with ___ blood pressure are likely to develop high blood pressure unless steps are taken to control the condition

  ELEVATED
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • when blood pressure consistently ranges from 130 to 139 systolic or 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolic

  HYPERTENSION STAGE I
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • At this stage of high blood pressure, health care professionals are likely to prescribe lifestyle changes and may consider adding blood pressure medication based on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), such as heart attack or stroke

  HYPERTENSION STAGE I
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • when blood pressure consistentlyis140/90 mm Hg or higher. At this stage of high blood pressure, health care professionals are likely to prescribe a combination of blood pressure medications and lifestyle changes

  HYPERTENSION STAGE II
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • This stage of high blood pressure requires medical attention

  HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: BLOOD PRESSURE

  • If blood pressure readings suddenly exceed 180/120 mmHg, wait five minutes and then test blood pressure again

  HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management:

  • The number of heart beats per minute

  PULSE RATE (Heart Rate)
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: PULSE RATE

  • Heart beats faster than normal, usually more than 100 bpm. ____ is only a concern if the resting heart rate is higher than 100 bpm

  Tachycardia
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: PULSE RATE

  • Symptoms of __ may not manifest. But it can mean there's a heart issue that needs awareness. Certain conditions that cause tachycardia can lead to stroke, heart failure, or even sudden death

  Tachycardia
• PRIMARY SURVEY:

  
  

  3. Circulation

  
  

  Management: PULSE RATE

  • Slow heart rate fewer than 60 bpm. The resting heart ratetypically drops below 60 bpm during sleep.

  Bradycardia