Shop Tools and Equipment

• Surface Plate - This is a large iron plate with a very flat surface where the work piece are made for accurate marking.
• Steel Rules - They are used for making measurements. They are available in many lengths, width and thickness.
• Combination Set - This is the most common set of layout tools. This includes square head, center head, bevel protractor, spirit level, rule and scriber.
• Solid Steel Square - They have a fixed blade and accurate than the combination square.
• Scribers - They are marking tools that have sharp needle-like points made of hardened steel. They are held like a pencil to scratch line on metal.
• Dividers - They are two legged steel instrument with hardened points. They are used to scribe circles and parts of circles and to measure distances.
• Trammels - It is used to scribe larger circle or an arc. They are sometimes used in measuring distances in the same way dividers are used.
• Calipers - It is used to measure the diameter of round objects and to measure width and thickness of materials. The outside caliper is where the leg is bent inward while the inside caliper is has the legs bent outward.
• Punches - It is used to accurately define points to be centered punch as well as to put a small punch mark on layout line so that they may last longer. The prick punch is for making small point, while the center punch is to make large points.
• Screw Drivers - They are used to turn or drive screws. They are classified into the square head (negative tip) and Philip head (positive tip). Offset screw driver has a bent handle and is used where the straight screw driver cannot reach the screw.
• Pliers - They are useful for cutting small wires and for holding, twisting, turning, pushing and pulling an object.
• Slip joint pliers - Used for gripping and cutting small wires. They are possible to grip large parts.
• Side Cutting Pliers - They are useful for cutting wire and nails. The flat square jaws are more useful for bending corners of thin metal.
• Round Nose Pliers - They are used to bend small wires and thin metal and to hold small parts. The long nose pliers are used for handling small parts where space is limited.
• Wrenches - They are used to tighten or loosen bolts and nuts together as well as to remove pipes from fittings.
• Adjustable End Wrench - It is a strong tool used for general work in the shop. Its jaws are pointed at such an angle that it can be used in close corners and unhandy places.
• Adjustable S Wrench - It is useful in many places where straight handled wrench can not be used.
• Monkey Wrench - It is used for tightening or loosening bolts and nuts and can be set to fit many sizes.
• Vise-Grip Wrench - It works in close places and the strong steel jaws lock to the work and will not slip.
• Pipe Wrench - It is used to hold or turn pipes or other round pieces of metal.
• Open Wrenches - They are available on single and double end for tightening and loosening bolts and nut Heads are 15 deg or 22-1/2 deg where narrow space cannot make by straight wrench.
• Box Wrenches - It has close ends, and their handles usually offset 15 deg to provide clearance for nearby obstacle.
• Socket Wrenches - They are used to turn nuts and bolts that are in hard to reach places or below the surface of work. The sockets is the one that engages the nut or bolt head. An extension bar and breaker arm for loosening difficult nuts and bolts. A reversible ratchet for normal loosening and tightening, a speed handle for rapid assembly and disassembly of threaded parts, and a universal joint which is used when the wrench handles cannot be positioned at right angles to the nut or bolt centerline.
• Spanner Wrenches - It has a hook or one or two pins to fit a slot. The pin spanner wrench is used to fit into holes in threaded collars and are used to loosen or tighten them.
• Hexagonal Wrenches - They are also called hex keys or Allen wrenches and are used for socket cap screws or socket set scews.
• Torque Wrenches - Used when several bolts or nuts must be all tightened in a uniform amount to prevent overtightening of a single nut.
• Powered wrenches - They are electric and air-powered wrenches that enables workers to rapidly assemble and disassemble parts with minimum physical effort.
• Punches - The drift punch has a smooth and tapered end used to arrange holes in a straight line, to drive out pins or rivets.

  A pin punch has straight end used to drive out cotter pins and tapered pints.

  A transfer punch is like a pin punch with a point at its end like a center punch used to transfer the location of the center of a hole on one part to another part.
• Machinist hammer - They are also called ball peen hammer. They are mostly used for striking punches and driving pins used to position or assemble parts.

  Lead hammer is used for striking finished surfaces where a harder hammer would dent or nick the surface.

  Mallets are made of wood, leather, plastic and rubber. They are used for soft metal work.
• Arbor Press -A machine used for pressing parts of machinery together or forcing them apart. An example of this is pressing a shaft in or out of a pulley or gear.
• Machinist Vise - It is often used to clamp parts together while they are being assembled. The size of the vise is determined by the width of the jaws.
• Clamps - They are used to temporarily hold parts of the machine together while being assembled.
• C-Clamps - A clamp shaped like a letter C for general purpose used.
• Toolmaker's Parallel Clamps - A clamp best suited for holding small parts together.
• Toggle Clamps - A clamp widely used for special work holding fixtures. They are designed for quick clamping and release the piece of material being worked.
• Spring Clamp - A clamp used where only light holding power is needed. They can be quickly applied and released because of their spring action.
• Hand Hacksaw - It is a basic tool used for cutting small pieces of unhardened metal that cannot be cut in a more efficient way.
• Cold Chisel - They are used to cut cold metal by striking with a hammer.
• Flies - They are hardened pieces of steel with slanting rows of teeth used to cut, smooth or fit metal parts.
• Riveter - It is a tool used for setting to fit a blind rivet on pieces of metal to be joined.