CENTRAL DOGMA

• NUCLEIC ACID

  • Are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
  • It store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.
  • They are the polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.
• NUCLEOTIDES HAS 3 PARTS:

  1. Phosphate group
  2. Five carbon sugar
  3. Nitrogenous base
• PURINES: GUANINE AND ADENINE

  PYRIMIDINES: CYTOSINE, THYMINE, AND URACIL
• THE CENTRAL DOGMA

  • DNA encodes RNA and RNA encodes protein
  • The genetic code is degenerate because 64 codons encode 22 amino acids.
  • The genetic code is universal because it is the same among all organisms.
• • Replication is the process of copying a molecule of DNA.
• • Transcription is the process of converting a specific sequence of DNA into RNA.
• Translation is the process where a ribosome decodes mRNAinto a protein.
• TRANSLATION PRACTICE STEPS: 

  1. Find the start codon (AUG)

  2. Translate each codon.

  3. End translation at stop codon