Non human animals - controversies

• What is ethnological psychology?

  Seeks to understand the innate behaviour of animals by studying them in their natural environment
• What is comparative psychology?


  Intention of making comparisons with humans
• When did Jouvet conduct his study?

  1967
• What did Jouvet do?

  A sleep deprivation experiment on cats, they all died within 14 days
• What are the guidelines for working with animals?

  Replace use of animals where possible, reduce number of animals used, refine the procedures to reduce suffering
• What should researchers do to minimise suffering?


  Species should be chosen carefully
• When did Harlow conduct his study?

  1959
• What did Harlow do?

  Infant monkeys in a cafe with two wire mothers, one with a feeding bottle and one wrapped in cloth. Monkeys developed into emotionally maladjusted adults
• When did Fossey conduct his study?

  1983
• What did Fossey study?

  Observed gorillas in natural habitat in order to reach greater understanding on social relationship
• When did Karen Allen conduct her study?

  2003
• What did Allen find?

  A presence of pets reduced blood pressure in children reading aloud, buffered elderly against life events and reduced cardiovascular risk
• When did Lorenz conduct their study?

  1935
• What did Lorenz find?

  Goslings eggs that saw him as the first moving thing followed him everywhere like a mother
• What is the therapeutic approach?

  Aims to enable disturbed or socially isolated individuals to learn how to trust and form relationships with people
• What is the ultimate aim of the therapeutic approach?

  To transfer social skills learned with animals to relationships with humans
• When did anestis et al conduct his study?

  2014
• What did Anestis et al find?

  Reviewed 14 studies of equine therapy, identified a number of serious methodological issues
• When did Friedman and Son conduct their study?

  2009
• What did Friedmann and Son find?

  Reviewed 28 studies using AAT and found beneficial effects for emotional problems including SZ and Down syndrome
• When did Peter Singer conduct their study?

  1975
• What did Singer argue?

  that discrimination on the basis of membership of a species is no different from racial or gender discrimination
• When did Gray conduct his study?

  1991
• What did Gray argue?


  Special duty of care to humans, speciesism is not equivalent to racism
• What does Regan 1984 believe?

  There are no circumstances under which animal research is acceptable