Nat5 - Romantic

• Pedal


  When a base note (low note) is either repeated or held continuously, while the parts and chords above it change
• Inverted pedal


  When a note is held in the same manner as a pedal but is not the lowest note. I.e. either a high note or a mid-range note
• Counter melody


  A melody played or sung at the same time as another main melody. It's different from an accompaniment as it should be able to stand as its own melody
• Chromatic scale


  Every note played. All sharps and flats etc...
• Rubato


  When the tempo of the music speeds up and slows down for expressive effect. It can be described as pushing and pulling the tempo. The composer doesn't dictate when and when it should speed up or slow down. It's up to the performer
• Piccolo


  An instrument introduced in the romantic period. Woodwind instrument half the size of the flute and an octave higher become in the highest sounding instrument in the orchestra
• Tuba


  The lowest member of the brass family, introduced into the orchestra in the romantic period
• Harp


  • A very old instrument but it was rarely used in the orchestra prior to the romantic period
• Saxophone


  • It was invented in the romantic period but never managed to become a standard member of the orchestra
• Snare drum


  An unpitched instrument. Used to produce a variety of effects including rhythmic playing, staccato effects and rolls
• Bass drum


  Normally used for effect rather than for rhythmic playing. Unpitched
• Cymbals


  Unpitched. Played in pairs as crash cymbals holding each in one hand or played as one cymbal on a stand using rolls
• Wind band


  Wind bands developed out of the military band tradition which employed woodwind, brass and percussion interments, with extensions in each section