bio

• Bohr shift


  When more carbon dioxide is present, haemoglobin becomes less saturated with oxygen (Bohr effect)
• Bohr effect


  Change to the haemoglobin dissociation curve, which shifts downwards and to the right
• Where the tissues are very active there is more carbon dioxide released
• Bohr effect


  1. Carbon dioxide enters the red blood cells forming carbonic acid, which dissociates to release hydrogen ions

  2. Changes in pH can affect the tertiary structure of the haemoglobin and reduces the affinity of the haemoglobin for oxygen

  3. The haemoglobin is unable to hold as much oxygen, and oxygen is released from the oxyhaemoglobin to the tissues
• Haemoglobinic acid


  The compound formed by the buffering action of haemoglobin as it combines with excess hydrogen ions
• Bohr effect


  The effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin, explaining the release of more oxygen
• Lugworms live in mud where the partial pressure of oxygen is low
• Chloride shift


  The movement of chloride ions into the erythrocytes to balance the charge as hydrogencarbonate ions leave the cell
• Haemoglobin is the red pigment used to transport oxygen in the blood
• Haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen at lower partial pressures of oxygen