Matter and its Properties

• Matter


  Anything that occupies space and has mass
• Chemistry


  The study of matter and its composition, structure, properties, processes, and the energy changes that accompany it
• Atom


  The smallest amount of matter
• Element


  A substance consisting of atoms which all have the same number of protons and has the same atomic number. It cannot be broken down into smaller components by non-nuclear chemical reaction
• Molecule


  Two or more atoms combined and held together by chemical force
• Compound


  A molecule that contains at least two different elements
• Particle


  A minute or small portion of matter
• Composite


  A subatomic particle that is made up of smaller elementary particle
• Elementary


  Protons, neutrons, electrons
• Phases of Matter

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Solid


  • Definite shape and volume but does not retain the shape of its container
  • Tightly packed and organized particles
  • Not defined by rigidity or hardness
• Liquid


  • Varying shape but has a definite volume and conforms into the shape of its container
  • Slightly loose but close to each other particles and are not rigidly placed together
• Gas


  • No definite shape and volume
  • Varying shape depending on the container and does not have a surface
  • Placed apart and disorganized particles
• Classification of Matter

  • Pure Substance
  • Mixture
• Pure Substance


  Has both definite and constant composition with distinct chemical properties
• Element


  Substance consisting of only one type of atom which has unique properties to it
• Compounds


  Two or more elements joined together by a chemical force, has definite and constant composition, has the same properties under the same conditions
• Molecule


  Two or more atoms held together by a chemical force
• Mixtures


  Two or more pure substances mixed and physically combined in variable proportion, each substance can retain its own set of physical properties
• Homogenous


  Has the same component composition throughout, evenly mixed components, has one phase and you cannot see the parts, components can retain its properties
• Solution


  The ratio of solvent to solute is the same throughout, one phase and you cannot differentiate one component from another, stable and will not settle down, components will have different properties, does not exhibit the Tyndall effect (no light beam will scatter)
• Heterogeneous


  Does not have a uniform composition and the distribution of components varies throughout the sample, uneven distribution, has two or more phases that's why you can see its parts (i.e halo-halo)
• Suspension


  Contains large enough solid particles that will settle at the bottom, solute does no dissolve but gets suspended, Tyndall effect
• Colloid


  The substance is dissolved or scattered in which the dispersed phase is spread, Dispersed phase size is intermediate, its between a solution and suspension, Tyndall Effect
• Properties of Matter

  • Physical
  • Chemical
• Physical Properties


  Can be observed or measured without changing the identity and composition of the matter, Extensive or Intensive
• Extensive Properties


  Do not depend on the amount of mass present, If there's a change in the amount of matter these changes too
• Extensive Properties

  • Volume
  • Length
  • Shape
  • Mass
• Intensive Properties


  Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present, Even if there's a change in the amount of matter, these properties will remain the same
• Color


  The quality that is reflected concerning the wavelength of transmitted light
• Malleability


  The ability to be beaten into sheets
• Ductility


  The ability to be drawn into thin wires
• Conductivity


  The ability to allow the flow of energy or electricity
• Hardness


  How easily it can be scratched
• Melting/Freezing Point


  The temperature above which, the substance is liquid and below which, it is solid
• Boiling Point


  The temperature at which the substance transitions from a liquid to the gaseous phase
• Density


  The amount of matter in a given volume. Two objects of different sizes but have the same material will have the same density
• Chemical Properties


  This can be observed when the identity changes, Properties involved in the transformation of a substance to a completely different one with a different structure and composition from the original
• Chemical Properties

  • Reactivity
  • Toxicity
  • Flammability
• Reactivity


  The ability to react and combine chemically with other substances