CCLAB-VITAMINS

• VITAMINS

  • Essential organic substances that the body cannot synthesize, or does not sufficiently synthesize.
  • Present in almost all foods, but no single food group is the source of all.
• FUNCTIONS OF VITAMINS

  • Antioxidants
  • Hormones
  • Blood cell maturation
  • Bone formation
  • Enzyme cofactors
  • Energy metabolism
• TWO TYPES OF VITAMINS

  Fat Soluble Vitamins

  • they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed an transported in a manner similar to that of fats.

  Water Soluble Vitamins

  • they don't get stored long in the body, and anything that is in excess is eliminated in the urine thus we need to replenish it frequently.
• FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS (ADDEK)

  Vitamin A (Retinol)

  • Function = maintenance of good vision, resistance to infection
  • Deficiency leads to = night blindness, growth retardation, abnormal taste response, dermatitis

  Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol)

  • Deficiency leads to = rickets (young children), osteomalacia (adult)

  Vitamin D3 (Activated Sterol: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

  • Function = absorption of dietary calcium
  • Deficiency leads to = hypocalcemia
• FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS (ADDEK)

  Vitamin E (Tocopherols)

  • Function = antioxidant; for cellular respiration
  • Deficiency leads to = mild hemolytic anemia (newborn), RBC fragility, ataxia

  Vitamin K (Phytomenadione)

  • Function = cofactor of procoagulants like prothrombin
  • Deficiency leads to = bleeding disorder, hemorrhage
• WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

  Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

  • Function = enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency leads to = for infants: dyspnea, cyanosis, diarrhea, and vomiting; for adults: Beri-Beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (apathy, ataxia, and visual problems)

  Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

  • Function = enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency leads to = angular stomatitis, dermatitis, photophobia

  Vitamin B3 (Pantothenic Acid)

  • Function = enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency leads to = depressed immune system, muscle weakness
• WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

  Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal)

  • Function = enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency leads to = for infants: irritability, seizures, anemia; for adults: facial seborrhea

  Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

  • Function = synthesis of DNA and folate
  • Deficiency leads to = megaloblastic anemia, neurologic abnormalities

  Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

  • Function = hydroxylation of collagen; participates in redox reaction
  • Deficiency leads to = scurvy
• WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

  Biotin

  • Function = enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency leads to = dermatitis, hair loss, depression

  Carnitine

  • Function = fat metabolism
  • Deficiency leads to = muscle weakness, fatigue

  Folic Acid (Pteroylglutamic Acid)

  • Function = synthesis of amino acids and DNA
  • Deficiency leads to = megaloblastic anemia

  Niacin/Niacinamide (Nicotinic Acid)

  • Function = enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency leads to = pellagra (dermatitis, disorientation, weight loss)