MIDTERMS PSYCHIATRIC

• PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND THERAPY DEVELOPMENT by Erik Erikson
• Erikson emphasized an ego and social influenced than what Freud's asserted on ID and unconscious
• PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES


  • Psychoanalytic
  • Development
  • Interpersonal
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral
  • Existential
• Psychoanalytic theory


  Supports the notion that all human behavior is CAUSED and can be explained (deterministic theory)
• Freud believed that repressed (driven from conscious awareness) sexual impulses and desires motivate much human behavior
• Freud concluded that many of the problems resulted from childhood trauma or failure to complete tasks of psychosexual development
• ID


  The part of one's nature that reflects basic or innate desire such as pleasure-seeking behavior, aggression, and sexual impulses
• SUPEREGO


  The part of the person's nature that reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations (it is in direct opposition to the id)
• EGO


  The balancing or mediating force between the id and the superego. It represents the mature and adaptive behavior that allows a person to function successfully in the world
• Freud believed that ANXIETY resulted from ego's attempt to balance the impulsive instincts of the id with the stringent rules of the superego
• CONSCIOUS


  Refers to the perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that exist in the person's awareness, such as being aware of happy feeling or thinking about a loved one
• PRECONSCIOUS


  Thoughts and emotions are not currently in person's awareness, but he or she can recall them with some effort (ex. An adult remembering what he or she did, thought, or felt as a child)

  
• UNCONSCIOUS


  The realm of thoughts and feelings that motivates a person even though he or she is totally unaware of them
• The person represses into the unconscious the memory of traumatic events that are too painful to remember
• Much of what we do and say is motivated by our subconscious (preconscious or unconscious level) thoughts or feelings
• Freudian slip (slip of the tongue) are not accidents or coincidences, but rather are indications of subconscious feelings or thoughts that accidentally emerge in casual day-to-day conversion
• A person's dreams reflect his or her subconscious and have significant meaning, although sometimes the meaning is hidden or symbolic
• Dream Analysis


  Involves discussing a client's dream to discover their true meaning and significance
• Free Association


  The therapist tries to uncover the client's true thoughts and feelings by saying a word and asking the client to respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind
• Ego Defense Mechanisms


  • Compensation
  • Conversion
  • Denial
  • Displacement
  • Dissociation
  • Fixation
  • Identification
  • Intellectualization
  • Introjection
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
  • Reaction Formation
  • Regression
  • Repression
  • Resistance
  • Sublimation
  • Substitution
  • Suppression
  • Undoing
• Compensation


  Overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area
• Conversion


  Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature
• Denial


  Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; failure to admit the reality of a situation, or how one enables the problem to continue
• Displacement


  Ventilation of intense feelings toward persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings
• Dissociation


  Dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity
• Fixation


  Immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage
• Identification


  Modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity, or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal
• Intellectualization


  Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved; acknowledging the facts but not the emotions
• Introjection


  Accepting another person's attitudes, beliefs, and values as one's own
• Projection


  Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object
• Rationalization


  Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect
• Reaction Formation


  Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
• Regression


  Moving back to a previous developmental stage in order to feel safe or have needs met
• Repression


  Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness
• Resistance


  Overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information
• Sublimation


  Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable
• Substitution


  Replacing the desired gratification with one that is more readily available
• Suppression


  Conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness
• Undoing


  Exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior
• Freud's Developmental Stages


  • Oral (Birth to 18 months)
  • Anal (18-36 months)
  • Phallic/Oedipal (3-5 years)
  • Latency (5-11 or 13)
  • Genital (11-13)