MICP - Bacterial Infections

• Vesicles - small fluid-filled on the skin that is less than 5 mm diameter
• Bulla - A fluid-filled sac that appears when fluid is trapped under a thin layer of the skin. It is also a type of blister but is more than 5 mm in diameter
• Macule - A flat skin lesion, a small patch of skin that is altered in color.
• Pustule - A small bump on the skin that contains pus
• Papule - A flat with elevated surface. A solid palpable lesion that is less than or equal to 5 mm in diameter. they can be solitary or multiple.
• Plaques - Are flat with elevated surface that is more than 5 mm in diameter.
• Nodules - Are rounded raised lesions more than 5 mm in diameter
• Urticaria (Wheals and Hives) - Annular or ring-like papules or plaques with pinkish in color. they are seen in allergic reactions
• Petechiae - skin bleeding lesion greater than 3 mm in diameter. they are seen in dengue patients.
• Purpura - skin bleeding lesion greater than 3 mm in diameter. they are seen in meningococcemia patients
• Ecchymosis - Skin bleeding lesion with greater than 3 mm in diameter. they are also known as ''Black eye''
• Staphylococcus Aureus - a gram positive round-shaped bacterium that usually arranged in grape-like clusters
• Folliculitis - a pyogenic (pus-producing) infection involving the hair follicles
• Furuncle - an infection of several hair follicles that has a small collection of pus (called an abscess) under the skin; an extension of folliculitis
• Carbuncle - a red, swollen, and painful cluster of boils that are connected to each other under the skin
• Sty/Hordeolum - It involves one or more if the small glands near the base of the eyelids, it is red & painful, often filled with pus
• Impetigo - an infection common in young children and primarily involves the face and limbs
• Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) - primarily found in newborns and young children, A.K.A Ritter's Disease
• Staphylococcus Epidermidis - A part of the normal flora of the skin associated with ''stitch abscess'', UTI and endocarditis.
• Streptococcus pyogenes - a gram positive cocci arranged in pairs or chains belongs to Group A beta hemolytic, It produces enzymes and toxins responsible for the pathogenicity.
• Pyoderma (Impetigo) - A purulent skin infection that is localized and commonly involves the face, the upper and lower extremities
• Erysipelas - it affects the upper dermis and extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics, A.K.A St. Anthony's fire.
• Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) - a life threatening condition caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin, most often seen in menstrual women using tampons.
• Cellulitis - it involves the skin and SC tissue and the infected skin and the normal skin are not clearly differentiated. local inflammation with systematic signs.
• Necrotizing Fasciitis - also known as flesh-eating bacteria, characterized by rapid spreading necrosis of subcutaneous tissues and fascia.
• Acute glumerolous nephritis - commonly associated with skin infections
• Rheumatic fever - associated with throat infection, inflammation of heart valves
• Scarlet Fever / Scarlatina - develops in some people who have strep throat. manifested by strawberry tongue, bright red rash that covers most of the body, sore throat and fever.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa - an opportunistic aerobic gram-negative bacillus that is frequent & common cause of nosocomial infection
• Aeruginosa stands for?

  A - Aerobic

  E - Exotoxin A

  R - Rod / Resistance

  U - UTI, Burns, Injuries

  G - green-blue dressing

  I - Iron-containing lesions

  N - Negative gram

  O - odor of grapes

  S - Slime capsule sometimes

  A - Adherin pili
• Osteochondritis - most common cause of inflammation of the bone and and a cartilage of the foot following a penetrating injury.
• Clostridium Perfringes - it produces 4 lethal toxin: alpha, beta, iota, epsilon toxin, toxin cause massive hemolysis, bleeding and tissue destruction (formerly known as C. welchii or bacillus welchii)
• Cellulitis - it involves the skin and SC tissue and local inflammation with systemic signs
• Suppurative myositis - an acute intramuscular infection that develops secondary to hematogenous microorganism spread into the body of the skeletal muscle, manifested by abscess groups
• Clostridial myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene) - is a life-threatening infection following trauma or surgery
• Bacillus anthracis - a gram-positive bacterium, spore-forming rod: bamboo rod or medusa head appearance and it produces anthrax toxin resulting in an ulcer with black eschar.
• Anthrax Disease - bacterial disease caused by bacillus anthracis that can effect skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract depending on the portal of entry of the etiologic agent
• Cutaneous Anthrax - is the most common form of anthrax infection and it also considered to be the least dangerous
• Inhalation (Pulmonary)Anthrax - Start primarily in the lymph nodes in the chest before spreading throughout the rest of the body, ultimately causing severe breathing problems and shock.
• Gastrointestinal Anthrax - when a person eats raw or undercooked meat from an animal infected with anthrax, they can develop gastrointestinal anthrax