BIO

• Drug testing


  1. Pre-clinical testing

  2. Clinical testing
• Pre-clinical testing


  • Drugs are tested on human cells and tissues
  • Testing carried out on living/animals/
• Clinical testing


  • Tested on healthy human volunteers in clinical trials
  • Starts with a very low dose, then tested on people with the illness to find the optimum dose
• Placebo


  A substance that is like the drug but does not do anything
• Placebo effect


  When the patient thinks the treatment will work even though their treatment isn't doing anything
• Blind trial


  When the patient does not know whether they are getting the drug or the placebo
• Double-blind trial


  When both the doctor and the patient do not know whether they are getting the drug
• Chemicals produced by plants to defend themselves can be used to treat human diseases or help with symptoms
• willow


  aspirin
• digitalis


  foxglove
• mould penicillium


  penicillin
• Temperature is 20°C
• Weather is Mostly cloudy