Nematode

• #tags column:3
• To classify nematodes on the basis of the presence of the  Caudal Chemoreceptor (sensory function)
• two types of nematode base on sensory function Phasmids and aphasmids
• Nematode shape Long and cylindrical
• characteristics of nematodes base on segments unsegmented
• Attenuating at each ends (nematode) tapering
• nematodes are ______ because the body is identical to both sides of the parasites Billateraly symmetrical
• Term used by nematodes in terms of three layer of embryonic cell Tripoblastic
• three embryonic cell layers Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm layer
• NEMATODES Can be differentiated based on their sexes  Dioecious
• flaplike extension of the cuticle/integument in male Bursa
• function of bursa "for grasping the female during copulation/ other ref refers this as the copulatory
• false body cavity of nematodes Pseudocoelom
• Different Organs divided into different systems Integumentary Digestive Excretory Nervous Reproductive
• INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM of nematodes is  Non-nucleated cuticle (smooth-looking)
• INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM is divided into 3 layers  "1. Hyaline 2. Subcuticular
• 3. Dermomuscula"
• DIGESTIVE SYSTEM of nematodes arised from  (arising from the endoderm)
• digestive system of nematodes have two parts (bifurcated tube) "1. One layer is the digestive system
• 2. One layer of Columnar cells"
• DIGESTIVE SYSTEMBuccal cavity consists of : Lips, Papillae with spines
• DIGESTIVE SYSTEMopening at the posterior end for nematodes Rectum/Anus or Cloaca
• parts of DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Buccal cavityEsophagusAlimentary canal Rectum/Anus or Cloaca
• 2 parts are not present in nematodes: but present in earthworms crop and gizzard
• for passage of food after pharynx for EW Crop:
• where grinding of food happen in EW Gizzard
• EXCRETORY SYSTEM: consists of "1. Two excretory canals
• 2. One excretory pore"
• NERVOUS SYSTEM of nematodes has two parts "1. Six longitudinal nerve trunks
• 2. Ring of ganglia"
• the NERVE CENTER of nematode Ring of ganglia
• Ring of ganglia are found always in "found always after the 1st
• transverse commissure of the nervous system of the nematode"
• REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  of male are found in  Posterior third half of the parasite
• Reproductive System Single convoluted tube is divided "- Testes
• - Vas deferens
• - Seminal vesicle
• - Ejaculatory duct"
• "REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:
• 飩� Male accessory organs " GubernaculumBursa Spicule