Medicine Timelines

• when was the Black Death?


  1348
• what is the Black Death?

  Bubonic plague was the spread by bites and fleas from rats that came from ships. Caused: head aches, fevers, pus filled swelling on the skin

  Pneumonic plague = airborne disease that spread through coughs & sneezes, it effected the lungs = breathing pain and coughs of blood
• how much of the British population died at the hands of the Black Death?

  1/3 of the population
• what was the timing of the renaissance ?

  C.1500-1700
• Who was Vesalius ?


  He was a medical professor that performed dissection on executed criminals to study the human anatomy better
• What were the names of the books Vesalius wrote?

  ‘Six Anatomical Pictures‘ = 1538

  ’The Fabric of the Human Body’ = 1543
• How did Vesalius spread his ideas and work?


  by his work being copied and printed - printing press
• Who were the most important people in Renaissance medicine?

  Hippocrates & Galen
• Who was Thomas Sydenham?


  He was a physician and known as ‘English Hippocrates’.
• What were Sydenham‘s biggest discoveries ?

  That scarlet fever & measles were 2 different things

  Introduced laudanum as a pain killer

  One of the 1st doctors that used iron to treat anaemia

  Quinine to treat malaria.
• What was the name of the book Sydenham wrote?


  ‘Medical Observations‘
• When was Sydenham’s book published?


  in 1676
• How was Sydenham’s book useful?

  It was used by doctors for 200 years so doctors could diagnose patients easier + quicker.
• Who was William Harvey?


  He was an English physician who discovered the circulation of blood around the body.
• What did Harvey use for his work?

  Animals and Humans.
• What did Harvey think before his discovery?

  That there were 2 kinds of blood, & that they flowed through 2 completely separate systems of blood vessels.
• What was Harvey’s correct theory?

  Theory of circulation
• What was Harvey’s research do to improve medicine?

  Gave docs a new map to show how the body works.

  Helped with the happening of transfusions and complex surgery.
• What did Harvey help do with Vesalius’ work?

  That dissection was important.
• What was the limitations of Harvey’s work?


  That in the start not many believed it so it took a lot time before his theories were used for treatments.
• What method was still used despite Harvey proving it wrong?

  Blood letting.
• How were new ideas spread at that time?

  Printing Press.
• What were 3 advantages of the printing press? Mass production, spread of ideas, literacy.
• What was the Royal Society?

  Scientific organisation, that spread new scientific theories and getting people to trust new tech.
• What was the name of the Royal Society journal?


  ‘Philosophical Transaction‘
• What was the Royal Society’s motto?

  ‘Nullius en verba’ = ’Take no one‘s word for it’
• in the renaissance, what were the aspects of community?

  bloodletting and purging

  apothecaries= sold medicines and drugs

  barber surgeons= small surgeries done

  women= herbal remedies
• what was the Great Plague?


  Pandemic of 1665, a deadly reoccurrence of the medieval Black Death.
• what was the death % as a cause of the plague?

  20%
• what were the treatments for the Great Plague based on?

  All based on magic, religion and superstition.
• what were the treatments for the Great Plague?

  lucky charms, amulets, prayers and fasting.

  special remedies like dried toad.

  bloodletting.

  miasma= carrying herbs and flowers.

  strapping a live chicken to the swellings.
• what were the preventions people took from the Plague?

  councils tried quarantining the public.

  no contact/ touch with other people.

  dead bodies buried in mass graves away from houses.

  paid for cats and dogs to be killed.
• what was one cause the council thought was making the Great Plague?

  cats and dogs.
• What was one of the most deadliest diseases in the 1700s?

  Smallpox
• how many people died of small pox in 1751?

  over 3500 ppl.
• what was the only way to prevent smallpox at the time?

  inoculation
• what was inoculation?

  vaccination, putting a dis activated of the disease into ppl bodies to prevent them from catching it.
• how was the process of inoculation carried out?


  by making a cut into a patient’s arm and soaking it into the pus taken from the swelling who alr had a mild form of small pox.
• who was Edward Jenner? 


  He was a country doctor that discovered the link between smallpox and cowpox.
• What was Jenner’s theory?

  That people with cowpox didn’t get smallpox