Science

• subcellular structure

  • cell membrane controls what substance in and out
  • nucleus contains genetic material / DNA
  • cytoplasm is where chemical reactions take place
  • mitochondria a.k.a powerhouse of the cell
  • ribosomes contains RNA, manufacture of protein
• binary fission is the process by which bacteria divide to produce two new bacteria
• diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• bile nuetrilize acids and emulsify fats
• kidney: filters blood, remove unwanted waste, and regulates
• Brain:

  • ceribrial contex: conciousness, intelligence, memory, language
  • cerebellum: balance, muscle coordination
  • hyphotalamus: regulates body temp, signals gland
• photosynthesis: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by-product
• DNA: a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
• law of dominance: the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous parents will be homozygous
• law of independent assortion: the inheritance of one gene doesn't affect any other gene
• law of segragation: the law that states that the genes are separated into two different chromosomes
• homeostasis is a state of balance in the body, where the internal environment is maintained at a constant level
• Four chamber of the heart

  • left atrium- receives oxygenated blood
  • rigth atrium- receives deoxygenated blood
• eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and a cell membrane
• prokaryotic organism are smaller than eukaryotic organisms and have no nucleus
• Isotopes are the same number of protons but diff number of nuclons
• molecules has 2 or more atoms held together by
• chemical bonding is the attraction between atoms of different elements that forms a chemical compound
• mixtures has 2 or more substances that not chemically combined
• solution is a mixture but seperable into two or more substances
• when the outermost shell has 8 electrons, it is a stable
• more reactive halogens will always displace the less reactive ones
• noble gases don't react with anything and non-flammable
• metals - nonmetals : ionic bond

  nonmetals - nonmetals : covalent bond
• S-G : sublimation

  S-L : melting

  L-G : evaporation

  L-S : freezing

  G-S : deposition

  G-L : condensation
• law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another
• kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, measured in joules (J)
• gravity: the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.
• power is the rate of energy transfer, measured in watts, and is the rate at which energy is transferred
• thermal energy is generated and stored in the earth crust, mostly in volcanic regions
• biofuel is made from recently living organisms
• density: the degree of compactness of a substance
• scalar: (of a quantity) having only magnitude, not direction.
• vector: a quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another.
• potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or shape.
• momentum is a rational or turning effect of force