Key concepts in biology

• Magnification of a microscope = Eyepiece lens x Objective lens
• Animal cells: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane

  Plant cell: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
• Specialised cells are adapted to carry out a specific function. For example, cillia, sperm cells, and red blood cells.
• Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, they have chromosonal DNA with plasmids and have a flagellum so they can swim.
• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions such as amalayse, which breaks down starches.
• An enzymes active site is complimentary to a substrate and they fit together to form an enzyme-substrate complex. When temperature or pH is too high, it becomes denatured.
• Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.