Reading

• Reading is both a decoding and comprehension process.
• Decoding is the process of translating print into speech by rapidly matching a letter or combination of letters to their sound and recognizing the patterns that make syllables and words.
• Temporal Lobe is the area in the brain that deals with language processing automatically.
• Temporal lobe is responsible for phonological awareness and decoding/discriminating sounds
• Auditory or Sound Discrimination is the ability to recognize similarities and differences between sounds.
• While phonemes are verbal, graphemes are visual.
• Grapheme is the term referring to the written symbol that represents a spoken sound.
• Grapheme gives us the visual component of a sound.
• Grapheme can either be one letter or a combination of letters.
• Diagraph - two letters that spell one sound.
• reading is a process; act of recognizing and understanding written printed verbal symbols.
• Reading is the recognition of words; comprehension; fluency in interpreting.
• Word recognition is the ability to see a word and recognize its pronounciation and meaning without deliberate effort or thinking.
• IPA stands for International Phonetic Alphabet
• Schwa - a vowel that is never stressed.
• Comprehension is an act of constructing meaning from overall text.
• Fluency is the ability to read a text quickly and accurately.
• Fluency encompasses:

  1.) Accuracy

  2.) Rate

  3.) Expression

  4.) Punctuation
• Motivation encompasses:

  • Word recognition
  • Comprehension
  • fluency
• Purpose of reading include:

  • to entertain
  • to inform or explain
  • to acquire general knowledge
  • to persuade
  • to convince
• Reading includes higher skills:

  • interpret
  • summarize
  • evaluate
• Reading is an active process.
• Writing is a method of representing language in visual or tactile form
• Writing is a system of graphic symbols that can be used to convey meaning.
• How do we learn how to write?

  • Scribbling
  • Meaningful marks
  • Letter-like forms and letter strings
  • Attempted or "invented" spelling
  • Fluent Writing
• Scribbling - 18 months to 2.5 years
• Meaningful Marks - 2.5 years to 3.5 years
• Letter-like forms and letter strings - 3.5 years to 5 years
• Attempted or "invented" spelling - 5 years to 7 years
• Fluent writing occurs at 7+ years.