chemistry paper 2

• phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene as it 1. the oxygen has two lone pairs 2. which are partially delocalised in the pi ring system 3. therefore phenol has a greater electron density compared to benzene 4. Which makes phenol more susceptible to electrophilic attack
• qualitative tests for aromatic compounds

  1. carboxylic acids (-COOH) - Na2CO3 - effervescence
  2. carbonyl groups (C=O) - 2,4-DNP - orange precipitate
  3. aldehyde (-C=O-H) - tollens reagent - silver mirror