STATS AND PROB L:1 & L:2

• Hypothesis Testing 


  It is a decision making process for evaluating claims about a population
• Hypothesis Testing 


  It is basically testing an assumption that we can make about a population
• A Hypothesis is an assumption or conjecture about a population parameter which may or may not be true
• Null Hypothesis 


  It is denoted by Ho
• Null Hypothesis

  • It is the initial claim
  • It shows ni significant difference , no change, nothing happened, no relationship between two parameters
  • The independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable
• Null Hypothesis 


  H⁰ : μ¹ = μ²
• Alternative Hypothesis 


  It is denoted by Hª or H¹
• Alternative Hypothesis

  • It is contrary to the null hypothesis
  • It shows that there is a significant difference, an effect, change, relationship between a parameter and specific value
• Null Hypothesis, Ho


  equal to, the same as, not changed from, is
• Alternative Hypothesis, Ha or H₁


  not equal, different from, changed from, not the same as
• >

  greater than, above, higher than, longer than, bigger than, increased, at least
• <

  less than, below, lower than, smaller than, shorter than, decreased or reduced from, at most
• Hypothesis Testing


  • It is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population
  • It is basically testing an assumption that we can make about a population
  • A hypothesis is an assumption or conjecture about a population parameter which may or may not be true
• Hypothesis Testing Examples


  • Does the mean height of Grade 11 students differ from 66 inches?
  • Is the proportion of senior male student's height significantly higher than the senior female students?
• Hypothesis Testing Process


  State the null and alternative hypotheses
• α or α/2


  The significance level, usually 0.01, 0.05 or 0.10
• In public health research alpha is usually 0.01 or 1%, in social science alpha is usually 0.05 or 5% and 0.10 or 10% in other studies
• If the alternative hypothesis used is ≠, then the alpha will be divided into two