SCI10Q4

• the prefix that means one

  mono
• the simplest sugar and the most basic subunit of carbohydrate

  monosaccharide
• white solids at a room temperature

  monosaccharide
• because they have polar, hydroxyl (-OH)groups in their molecular structures, they are very ____ in water

  soluble
• also caled dextrose

  glucose
• the most common saccharides are

  glucose and fructose
• structural formula of fructose and glucose

  C6 H12 O6
• ___ in water solution forms a ring of five carbons and one oxygen atom.

  glucose
• ___ in water solution forms a ring of four carbons and one oxygen atom.

  fructose
• compunds with the same molecular formulas

  isomers
• the arrangement that determines the shape and properties of each sugar

  C, H, O
• Their digestion is completed in the small intestine and is broken primarily into fatty acids and glycerol

  Fats and Lipids
• During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into ___

  Monosaccharide
• instant energy to improve perform our activities

  monosaccharides
• where the excess glucose is stored


  liver
• how is glucose stored in the liver?

  as glycogen
• when too much glucose is in the blood, the pancreas secrete a hormone called___

  insulin
• when blood glucose drops, the pancreas secrete a hormone called__-

  glucagon
• causes the liver, muscles and fat to convert glycogen back to glucose

  Glucagon
• monosaccharide found in atis, grapes, and apple

  fructose
• sweetest naturally occuring sugar

  fructose
• Sucrose with the molecular formula of C12H22O11

  Disaccharide
• In which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine.

  Condensation Reaction
• during the condensation of monosaccharides to form disaccharides, ___ molecule of water is lost

  one
• when two glucose molecules is combined, ____is formed

  Maltose
• it occurs when the bon between monosaccharides is broken with the addiction of a water molecule

  Hydrolysis Reaction
• Made up of sugar called galactose and glucose

  lactose
• specific enzyme necessary for breakig down the bond between two monosaccharides when lactose is digested

  lactase
• Sucrose


  Glucose-fructose
• Lactose


  galactose-glucose
• Maltose


  glucose-glucose
• Complex carbohydrates. Large molecules that are made up of smaller units that are joined together.

  Polysaccharides
• 3 common polysaccharides


  starch, glucose, cellulose
• the breakdown of starch requires a___

  water molecule
• Chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants and the most important carbohydrate in human nutrition

  starch
• Stores energy for later use

  lipids
• insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents

  Fatty acids
• why fats are not good for the heart


  they clog the arteries
• molecules are composed of fused rings of atoms (class of lipids)

  Steroids
• most important steroid


  cholesterol