3RD (AUTO)

• Reading


  Complex cognitive process, transmission of images, language skill, can be developed through constant practice, not an effortless task
• Reading process

  1. Pre-reading

  2. While-reading

  3. Post-reading
• Pre-reading


  • To induce the readers' motivation to read, to activate the readers' background knowledge
• While-reading


  • Rereading the text to fully understand
• Post-reading


  • Checking the understanding of the text
• Basic reading skills


  • Vocabulary acquisition
  • Pre-reading strategies
  • Textual comprehension
  • Organizational skills
  • Response techniques
• Rapid reading


  Aims to locate the specific info or main idea in a very short span of time
• Skimming


  Getting the main idea
• Scanning


  Getting the specific info
• Previewing


  • Clarifying the purpose, reading the titles and headlines, checking visuals/illustrations

  
• Inferential reading


  Deducting facts or ideas that are not directly expressed in the text
• Literal reading


  Understanding the ideas and facts that are directly stated in the text
• Critical reading


  Close & thorough evaluation of the claims in the text, relevance, validity, and logic
• Types of reading


  • Developmental
  • Pleasure
  • Functional
  • Remedial
• Patterns of development


  Logical arrangement of ideas that helps you to follow ideas easily, as well as to recognize and predict ideals to understand a text better
• Definition


  Clarifies the ideas by answering "What does it means?"
• Exemplification/Classification


  Represents the general statement, provides examples to expound/clarify the main idea
• Description


  Provides details on the idea by using sensory or spatial pattern
• Chronology/Procedure/Listing


  Organizes ideas chronologically according to time, which can be narration, process, or enumeration
• Cause&Effect/Problem-Solution


  Organizes details based on the cause (problem) and the result (solution)
• Comparison&Contrast


  Organizes ideas based on how similar or different the two concepts are
• Persuasion


  To show how set of evidence leads to logical conclusion
• Plagiarism


  Presenting someone else's work as your own, borrowing idea without giving credits, copying and pasting, not a crime but can be punished by law
• Summarizing


  Putting the main idea(s) into your own words, MAIN POINTS only, shorter than the original text, same intended meaning with the original text
• Paraphrasing


  Putting a passage from source into your own words, same meaning, change of words, sentences are restructured, longer than the original text
• Direct quoting


  Exact copy of words from a source, usually a short part of a text
• Evaluating sources


  • Relevance to the Topic, Author's Qualification, Date of Publication, Accuracy of Info, Location of Sources
• Citing sources


  To give credit to the author, to promote scholarly writing, to help the target audience identify your original sources
• Forms of citation


  • Reference Citation
  • In-Text Citation (Parenthetical, Narrative)
• APA (American Psychological Association)


  Introduced the 7th edition of public manual in October 2019, regulates style and language, document format, in-text citations, references
• Disciplines that use APA

  • Education
  • Psychology
  • Sciences
  • Social Sciences
• APA guidelines


  • Use clear, and concise language, use the pronoun "I" in place of editorial "We", use "that" and "which" for animals and inanimate objects, spell out numerals under 10, use "they" instead of "he" or "she", use descriptive style instead of adjectives, use past tense verbs, avoid using languages that reveals sex, gender, race, disability, and socio-economic status, use specific and relevant ranges instead of using broad categories