Medical Terms for Musculoskeletal System

• Musculoskeletal


  Refers to the muscles and the skeleton

  
• Functions of the musculoskeletal system

  • Protects
  • Supports
  • Aids in the movement of body parts
• Additional functions of the musculoskeletal system

  • Essential in hematopoiesis or blood production
  • Stores fat in the bone marrow
  • Stores and releases minerals
• Divisions of the human skeleton

  • Axial skeleton
  • Appendicular skeleton

  
• Axial skeleton


  • Consists of 80 bones
  • Includes bones of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs
  • Functions include central weight-bearing, protection and maintenance of posture

  
• Appendicular skeleton


  • Consists of 126 bones
  • Includes the shoulder girdle, upper and lower extremities, and the pelvic bones
  • Functions include balance, stability, movement, and manipulation

  
• Major bones of the body

  • Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
  • Bones of the Upper Extremities
  • Bones of the Pelvis
  • Bones of the Lower Extremities

  
• Cartilage


  • Dense, elastic connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of long bones
  • Skeleton of the embryo is made up largely of cartilage
  • As one matures, the cartilage is replaced with bones, except for some structures such as the external ear and the nasal septum
  • The medical term chondral refers to cartilage
• Types of muscles


  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
• Fascia


  Fibrous tissue responsible for covering, supporting, separating, and allowing muscles to slide easily
• Tendons


  Tissue fibers that connect the muscles to the bone
• Articulation


  • Connection made between bones
  • Articulations that have cavities between adjoining bones are known as synovial joints
• Ligaments


  Bands of connective tissues responsible for connecting bones and cartilages, and essential in supporting and strengthening joints

  
• Infections affecting the musculoskeletal system

  • cellulitis
  • myocellulitis
  • osteitis
  • osteochondritis
• Malignancies or tumors affecting the muscles and the bones

  • Sarcomas
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Fibrosarcoma
• Sarcoma


  Tumor that originates from the connective tissues, such as muscles and bones
• Bone disorders arising from metabolic problems

  • osteitis deformans
  • osteomalacia
  • osteoporosis
• Developmental defects that cause skeletal malformation

  • Spina bifida
  • Scoliosis
  • Kyphosis
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Craniocele
  • Tarsoptosis
• The respiratory system (spir/o = to breathe) functions primarily to deliver oxygen to the body tissues and get rid of carbon dioxide
• Ventilation


  Includes inspiration/inhalation (movement of air into the lungs) and expiration/exhalation (movement of air out of the lungs)
• Structures of the respiratory system

  • Diaphragm
  • Pleura
  • Lungs
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx

  
• Medical terms pertaining to respirations

  • hyperventilation
  • hypoventilation
  • hypoxia
  • anoxia
• ia


  Condition of
• Surgical and therapeutic interventions related to the respiratory system

  • Heimlich maneuver
  • Endotracheal intubation
  • Nasotracheal intubation
  • Orotracheal intubation
  • Ventilator
• -itis = inflammation
• -tomy = incision, cut
• bifida = divided into two parts
• scoliosis = curvature
• kyphos = hunchback
• vertebro + plasty = repair of the vertebrae
• arthro + plasty = repair or construction of a joint
• tendo + plasty = repair of tendons
• myo + plasty = repair of muscle