assessing children

• Autism spectrum disorder


  Neurodevelopmental that affects communication and behavior
• Neonatal Infant Pain Scale


  Pain scale that is used in children younger than 1 year old
• FLACC


  Pain scale that is used to children 1-3 years old
• Microcephaly


  Small head size
• Macrocephaly


  Abnormally large head size
• Supraventricular tachycardia


  Common dysrhythmia in children
• Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia


  A pulse rate that is rapid or greater than 180/min
• Auscultation site


  Brachial arteries and femoral arteries
• Periodic breathing


  The alternating rapid and slow breathing
• Tachypnea


  Increased respiratory efforts (rapid breathing)
• Temperature site


  • Temporal
  • Oral
  • Rectal
  • Tympanic membrane
• Benign birthmarks


  • Common skin rashes and skin findings in newborns or infants
• Congenital dermal Melanocytosis


  Dark or bluish pigmentation over the buttocks, these are common among dark skin babies (Mongolian spots)
• Salmon patch


  Light pink patches also called as stork bite
• Dehydration


  Common problems in infants, insufficient intake or excess loss of fluids from diarrhea
• Eyelid patch


  This birthmark fades usually within the first year of age
• Cafe-au-lait-spots


  Light bright pigmented lesions
• Erythema toxicum


  Common yellow or white pustules are surrounded by a red base
• Neonatal acne


  Red pustules and papules most prominent in cheeks
• Seborrhea


  The salmon red, scaly eruption often involves in face
• Atopic dermatitis


  Erythema, scaling and intense itching
• Neurofibromatosis


  Include more than five cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, neurofibromas and lish nodules
• Candidal diaper dermatitis


  Bright red rash involves intertriginous folds "satellite lesions"
• Contact diaper dermatitis


  Irritant rash secondary to diarrhea
• Impetigo


  Infection due to bacteria, bullous or crusty and yellowish
• Sutures


  Membranous tissue spaces
• An enlarged posterior fontanelle may be present

  In congenital hypothyroidism
• Hydrocephalus


  Obstruction of the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
• Craniosynostosis


  Premature closure of one or more sutures
• Plagiocephaly


  Infant lies mostly on one sided
• Craniotabes


  Bones feel springy
• Fetal alcohol syndrome


  Babies born to people with chronic alcoholism
• Congenital hypothyroidism


  Has a coarse facial feature, a low set of hair line and an enlarged tongue
• Congenital syphilis


  Utero infection by treponema pallidum, 16 wk of gestation
• Facial nerve palsy


  Paralysis of the facial nerve can be injury of the nerve from pressure during labor
• Down syndrome


  Trisomy 21, has small rounded head, flattened nasal bridge, oblique palpebral fissures
• Battered child syndrome


  Physically abused
• Perennial allergic rhinitis


  Open mouth cannot breathe through the nose
• Hyperthyroidism


  Graves disease, staring eyes, has enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
• Nystagmus


  Wandering or shaking eye movements