Sms

• Carbohydrates


  • Glycogen, starchy
  • Energy (ATP)
  • Glucose
• Lipid


  • Triglycerids
  • Glycerol
  • Fatty acids
  • Energy
• Glucose


  Glucose-Energy
• Glycogon


  Energy
• Proteins


  • Aminoacids
  • Energy ATP
  • Aminoacids
  • Enzymes
• Triglycerids


  • Glycerol
  • Fatty acids
• Triglycerids also produces Uroa
• Secondary metabolites (SMS) are small organic molecules produced by organisms that are not essential for their growth, development and reproductions
• Types of secondary metabolites

  • Terpenes
  • Phenolics
  • Nitrogen-containing compounds
• Terpenes


  Made from mevalonic acid that is composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen
• Phenolics


  Made from simple sugars containing benzene rings, hydrogen and oxygen
• Nitrogen-containing compounds


  Extremely diverse class may also contain sulphur
• Economic importance of secondary metabolites

  • Used in modern medicine to treat infectious diseases, cancer, hypertension and inflammation
  • Morphine was the first alkaloid isolated from plant Papaver somniferum, used as pain reliever and cough suppressant
  • Used for recreation and stimulation, e.g. nicotine, cocaine, cannabinol
  • Improve food preference through flavours
  • Protect plants from pests, e.g. glucosinolates in cabbage
  • Used as food preservatives due to antibiotic properties
  • Added to wines and chocolate to improve astringency, e.g. tannins