phy scie for mastery

• Climate change


  A change in the usual atmospheric conditions found in a place such as amount of rain or temperature
• Natural causes of global warming

  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Changes in the sun
  • Earth's orbital changes
• Man-made causes of global warming

  • Burning of fossil fuels
  • Pollution from transportation, industrial processes, and agriculture
  • Deforestation
• Man-made causes of global warming

  Led to an enhanced greenhouse effect which results in global warming
• Effects of global warming and climate change

  • Drought which reduces crop productivity
  • Changes in ecosystems
  • Melting of ice caps which raises the sea level
  • Unpredictable weather patterns, across the globe resulting in frequent and stronger typhoons
  • Frequent landslides and floods
• Climate change increases our vulnerability to different hazards and disasters
• Fire


  The combustion or burning of substances combined chemically with oxygen from the air and typically giving off light and heat
• Causes of fire


  • Errors and accidents involving electricity, chemicals, vehicles, and machines
  • Household items such as candles, matchsticks, and stoves
• Fire triangle


  1. Oxygen is needed to sustain combustion

  2. There must be fuel or combustible material

  3. Sufficient heat is needed to raise the material to its ignition temperature

  4. A chemical chain reaction should take place in the material

  
• Stages of fire


  1. Fuel and oxygen are exposed to heat

  2. Heat is transferred igniting more materials

  3. Fire spreads, temperature reached its peak

  4. Fire consumes all available fuel, temperature decreases
• Conditions for fire to continue

  • All of the available fuel is consumed
  • The fuel/oxygen is removed
  • The temperature is reduced by cooling
  • The number of molecules is reduced and the chain reaction is broken
• Classes of fire


  • Class A- ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, plastic
  • Class B- flammable liquids and chemicals such as lpg, oil, grease, paint
  • Class C- electrical such as electrical panel, wiring, motor
  • Class D- combustible metal such as magnesium, aluminum
  • Class K- cooking equipment such as cooking oil, animal fats
• Metro Ayala was razed by a fire last month. According to the investigation, the fire started in the toys section, where plastic toys initially burned.

  Ans: Class A
• The house of Monica Delos Reyes at Brgy. Mabolo was consumed by a fire. Authorities found out that the fire was caused by a short circuit.

  Ans: Class C
• An LPG tank exploded in a restaurant resulting to a fire that affected two houses nearby.

  Ans: Class B
• Twins, B1 and B2 were playing matches when suddenly their curtain was caught by fire. It spread quickly consuming their house in only 20 minutes.

  Ans: Class A
• One summer day, a wild fire razed 1 km of trees in Riverdale. The authorities responded quickly and eventually the fire was put off in just a matter of an hour.

  Ans: Class A
• 1.       The following are elements of a        fire, EXCEPT:

  A.      Fuel

  B.      Oxygen

  C.     Cloth

  D.     Heat
• 2. This is the stage of fire when the fire consumes all available fuel and eventually the temperature decreases.

  1. Ignition
  2. Growth
  3. Fully developed
  4. burnout
• 3. The government agency responsible for responding to fire is BFP. What does the acronym mean?

  A.      Bureau of Fire Put-off

  B.      Barangay Fire Plan

  C.     Bureau of Fire Protection

  D.     Barangay Fire Protection
• The electric fan exploded because of overheating. What kind of fire is described?

  A.      Ignition

  B.      Growth

  C.     Fully developed

  D.     burnout
• 5. Which of the following can stop a fire from happening?

  A.      Add more fuel to the fire

  B.      Use water to put off fire

  C.     Add more oxygen to the fire

  D.     All of the above
• 1.       Oxygen is needed to sustain combustion.

  2.       There must be fuel or combustible material.

  3.       Sufficient heat is needed to raise the material to its ignition temperature.

  4.       A chemical chain reaction should take place in the material.
• Ignition Stage

  • Fuel and oxygen are exposed to heat.
• Growth

  • Heat is transferred igniting more materials.
• Fully developed

  • Fire spreads, temperature reached its peak.
• Decay (Burnout)

  • Fire consumes all available fuel, temperature decreases.
• Class A- ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, plastic
• Class B- flammable liquids and chemicals such as lpg, oil, grease, paint
• Class C- electrical such as electrical panel, wiring, motor
• Class D- combustible metal such as magnesium, aluminum
• Class K- cooking equipment such as cooking oil, animal fats