PHILO

• Philosophy


  Love of wisdom
• Philosophy began in Ancient Greece


  6th Century
• Philein


  Greek word meaning "love"
• Sophia


  Greek word meaning "wisdom"
• Philosophers became the talk of the town in Athens because of the works of Hesiod and Homer
• Work and Days by Hesiod written as poem published

  Around 700 BCE
• The Iliad and The Odyssey are works of Homer
• Philosophy started in Miletus


  587 BCE
• Miletus


  • Seaport town
  • Center of many things, including business and commerce
  • Had the same importance in antiquity
• Philosophy


  Began in wonder
• Cosmology


  The study of space and cosmetic objects
• Thauma


  Means "wonder"
• Stupefaction


  When a person is placed in a position of confusion, mesmerized and thereby pushed to ask
• Stupefaction should lead one to question
• Skepticism


  Wherein everything is put into inquiry without any goal of grounding and could lead to being myopic
• Philosophical question


  Touches upon matters related to choice, meaning, and life
• Answers to philosophical questions are perennial
• Pythagoras lived


  570-495 BCE
• Pythagoras marked a radical shift from the mythic to the rational
• Philosophus


  Everyone is a philosopher, someone who in all their might pursues wisdom
• Philosophy as Science


  Philosophy's own discipline to observe the rigors of science, not limited to physical or natural sciences
• Philosophy as Science of all things

  Philosophy can study anything under the sun as long as the subject is able to generate possible ideas
• Philosophy as Science of all things through its ultimate causes and principles

  Studying any object in philosophy is no simple matter, philosophers are patient with answers
• Philosophy as Science of all things through its ultimate causes acquired through the use of Natural Reason


  Philosophizing is an activity without help other than itself, done only by the use of logic and reasoning, not dependent on any belief
• The significance of philosophy is to recognize that the answer is not yet complete
• Sophie's World is a novel with two narrative sequences: one is the sequence of the unreal, the other is the sequence of the real
• What we can all learn from Sophie is the very question asked of her, "Who am I?"
• Mytheme


  Ideas that are based on stories
• Matheme


  Ideas that are based on reason
• Plato's critique of imitation (outlined in his famous book The Republic) is pivotal for philosophy's method
• Ontology


  Theory of reality and the nature of being
• Epistemology


  Theory of knowledge
• Ethics


  Theory of what is right or wrong
• Aesthetics


  Theory about the nature and valuation of what is beautiful
• Logic


  Theory of correct reasoning and sound thinking
• Critical Thinking


  • Independent thinking
  • Proactive thinking
  • Contextual thinking
  • Creative thinking
  • Collaborative thinking
• Theory of Realism


  Truth is the adequation between what is outside the mind (reality) and inside the mind (subject)
• Theory of Relativism


  The basis of truth is always related to the subjective intervention of any phenomenon
• Theory of Pragmatism


  Truth should have practical consequences that are beneficial
• Theory of Phenomenology


  The theory of appearances that is essential to objective or empirical knowledge, looking at different perspectives by setting aside presuppositions