Classification of matter 1.0

• Matter


  Anything which occupies space and has mass
• Material


  The type of matter an object is made up of
• All objects are made up of materials
• The properties of material will affect the properties of the object
• Properties of matter


  • Strength and ability to withstand forces
  • Thermal and electrical conductivity
  • Brittleness, malleability and ductility
  • Magnetic properties
  • Density
  • Boiling and melting points
• Metals are generally good conductors and non-metals are insulators
• Brittle materials break easily, malleable materials can be deformed without cracking, ductile materials can be stretched into long wires
• Magnetic materials can be attracted by magnets, non-magnetic materials are not attracted to magnets
• Density is mass per volume, some materials are denser than others
• Boiling and melting points determine the temperatures which changes the state of the matter
• Classifications of matter


  • Mixture
  • Pure substance

  
• Mixture


  A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their own properties
• The substances in a mixture are not chemically bonded, and no chemical reaction occurs between them
• The substances which make up a mixture are not in a fixed ratio
• The substances in a mixture can be separated by physical methods
• In a mixture of sand and water, sand remains sand and the mixture can be separated physically
• Types of mixtures


  • Homogeneous
  • Heterogeneous
• Homogeneous mixture


  A mixture with the same composition throughout, where the different components cannot be seen
• Heterogeneous mixture


  A non-uniform mixture of two or more substances where the different components can be seen
• Solution


  A homogeneous mixture
• Solvent


  The component which represents the large amount in a solution
• Solute


  The component that dissolves in the solvent
• If water and salt are mixed, water is the solvent and salt is the solute. Salt is said to be soluble in water (dissolves in water)
• Types of solutions


  • Gaseous
  • Liquid
  • Solid
• Gases always mix completely with each other, e.g. air consists of oxygen and other gases mixed in nitrogen
• Coffee is a solution of solid powder in water
• Brass contains 70% copper and 30% zinc. Bronze consists of copper and tin
• Pure substance


  Any material that is not a mixture
• Types of pure substances

  • Elements
  • Compounds
• Element


  The most basic substances from which all material are made, they cannot be broken down into simpler substances, and consist of only one atom
• There are 112 officially named elements and about 118 unknown elements
• Most of the elements are natural (94), but some are man-made
• Elements are organized on the periodic table according to their chemical and physical properties

  
• First 20 elements of the periodic table


  • Not provided

  
• Common and important transition metals


  • Not provided
• Compound


  A substance made up of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio
• Compounds can be separated into their components by chemical means only
• Water has distinct properties from those of individual elements (oxygen and hydrogen). The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1 regardless of where the water comes from, i.e. water is H2O
• Lesson objectives achieved


  • Define 'matter' and discuss the different properties of matter
  • Explain the different classifications of matter
  • Define 'mixture' and discuss types of mixtures
  • Define 'pure substances' and discuss the first 20 elements of the periodic table and define compounds
• Solids are hard and do not flow, while liquids can take on any shape but still maintain their volume.