TLE

• Classification of Plants


  • Agronomic crops
  • Horticultural crops
• Agronomic crops


  Crops that are harvested upon maturity and consumed by both humans and animals in either living state (raw or fresh) or dried
• Agronomic crops


  • Grown in field, pasture, range, forest, plantation
  • Examples: cereal or grain crops, legumes, oilseed crops, pasture forage crops, sugar crops, starchy root and tuber crops
• Horticultural crops


  Crops that are harvested at different stages and often consumed fresh or raw
• Horticultural crops


  • Grown in gardens, orchards, groves, vineyards, greenhouses, nurseries and plantations
  • Examples: vegetable crops, fruit crops and edible nuts, ornamental nursery crops, aromatic crops, medicinal crops
• Agricultural crops (specific groupings)


  • Cash crops/Commercial crops
  • Subsistence crops
• Cash crops/Commercial crops


  Crops that are planted and sold locally or internationally to support the needs of the family
• Subsistence crops


  Crops that are grown for family consumption only, such as root crops
• Export Crops


  Grown and sold to other countries
• Industrial Crops


  Produced to provide raw materials for industrial production or for the production of fuel for energy purposes
• Plantation Crops


  • Mass produced
  • Grown on huge tracts of land
  • Sold to local or international market
• High Value Crops


  • Grown because of their high value both in local and international market
• High Value Crops


  • Fruits
  • Ornamental plants
• Plants


  • Living organisms that belong to the kingdom Plantae
  • Capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis
• Roots


  • Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
  • Hold the plant in place
• Fibrous root system


  • Composed of many fiber-like structures
• Taproot system


  • Has one main root from which other roots emerge
• Stem


  • Holds the leaves
  • Has tube-like cells that carry food materials from the roots to the leaves and distribute the food manufactured by the leaves to all parts of the plant
• Woody stems


  • Hard, strong, tough
• Herbaceous stems


  • Soft and easy to crush
• Leaves


  • Main food-making organ of the plant
  • Manufacture starch and other carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
• Leaves


  • Green because of a pigment called chlorophyll
• Stomata


  • Openings in leaves that absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, a product of photosynthesis
• Flower


  • Bears the reproductive organs of plants called pistils and stamens
  • Attracts insects responsible for pollination
• Pollination


  Process of transferring pollen from an anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower
• Fruit


  Ripened ovary of a flower
• Seed


  • Ripened ovule of a flowering plant
  • Contains embryo which germinates to form a new plant
  • Contains stored food covered by a seed coat for protection
• Crops


  Plants that are grown and harvested for profit
• Organic Crop Production


  A crop production scheme that promotes environmentally, socially, and economically sound agricultural products
• Organic farming


  • Uses resistant crops and increases predators of pests for natural control of pests
• Vertical Farming


  A form of commercial farming that is done by stacking crops vertically above each other to increase production in small areas
• Hydroponics


  • Growing of plants without soil and in a water solvent containing mineral nutrients
  • The simplest method is the floating raft system where the plants are suspended in a raft letting the roots hang over flowing water to absorb nutrients
• Aeroponics


  • Similar to hydroponics, but the dangling roots absorb a fine mist comprised of an atomized version of the nutrient solution sprayed directly onto the roots using a pump
• Pick mattock


  Used for topsoil that is hard or dry. Use the pointed part to break the soil, and the wider part to dig the soil.
• Grab hoe


  Used when preparing the soil for planting. It is used to break the soil into finer particles.
• Spade and shovel


  Used for hauling and transferring soil from one place to another. They can also be used for digging canals. The spade has a slightly pointed edge, while a shovel has a straight edge.
• Rake


  Usually used for gathering trash on the ground like leaves, uprooted weeds, cut grass, and unwanted small stones.
• Spading fork


  Used to dig up root crops during harvest season. It can also be used for pulverizing the soil before planting.
• Hand trowel


  Commonly used for backyard or pot gardening. It aids in breaking the soil into finer particles, for fertilizer application or for transferring small amount of soil from one pot to the other.
• Hand cultivator


  Helps loosen the soil before planting. It is used for cultivating the garden plot by loosening the soil and removing weeds around the plant.