LESSON 1

• Anthropology


  • It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change, and world history
  • It is the study of humankind and all places
  • It is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity
• Goals of Anthropology


  • Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve diversity
  • Discover what all people have in common
  • Look at one's own culture more objectively like an outsider
  • Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior
• Cultural Anthropology


  The study of living people and their cultures with description and analysis of their social lives from the past and present
• Linguistic Anthropology


  The study of communication among humans. It includes its origins, history, and contemporary variation
• Archaeology


  The study of past human cultures through their material remains. It is the study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of artifacts
• Biological Anthropology


  Also known as the "physical anthropology", the study of humans as biological organisms including their evolution and contemporary variation
• Sociology


  • The term sociology was derived from the Latin word socius meaning "associate" and the Greek word logos, meaning "study of knowledge"
  • It was coined by August Comte who was regarded as the "Father of Sociology"
  • It is a science that studies human civilization
• What Sociology Enables Us To Do

  • Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life
  • Critically study the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society
  • Appreciate that all things in society. An individual's personal history is connected to his/her environment's history, which is also tied into the nation's history
• Branches of Sociology


  • Social Organization
  • Social Psychology
  • Applied Sociology
  • Population Studies
  • Human Ecology
  • Sociological Theory and Research
  • Social Change
• Political Science


  • It is an academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors
  • It is a study of the complex behavior of various political actors such as the government administration, opposition, and subjects
  • It is the systematic study of political and government institutions and processes
• Politics


  • It originated from the Greek word polis, which means 'city' or 'state'
  • It is the art and science of governing city/state
  • It is the social process or strategy in any position of control which people gain, use, or lose power
• When a teacher is bribed by a student for him/her to be included in the honor list, this is an example of politics
• When an employee spreads rumors against her officemate to get a promotion, this is an example of politics
• Government


  • It is the agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out
  • It is the organized agency in a state tasked to impose social control
  • It is a group of people that governs a community or unit. It sets and administers public policy and exercises executive, political, and sovereign power through customs, institutions and laws within a state
• Differentiation between Politics and Government


  • The government typically refers to the established legislative and executive departments of a nation or state
  • Politics is a broad term that is related to the power sharing in any organization
  • In other words, politics is an idea while government is the concrete realization of that idea