SCIENCE

• Science


  A systematic study that is concerned with facts and principles, and methods that could be observed in our natural or physical and social environment. It comes from the Latin word 'scire' that means 'to know'.
• Science


  • It is both a body of knowledge and a process – a way of thinking, a way of solving problems
• The Branches of Science

  • The Physical Sciences
  • The Earth Sciences
  • The Life Sciences (Biology)
• Physics


  The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them
• Chemistry


  The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter
• Astronomy


  The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere
• Geology


  The science of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it has experienced or is experiencing
• Oceanography


  The exploration and study of the ocean
• Paleontology


  The science of the forms of life that existed in prehistoric or geologic periods
• Meteorology


  The science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena, such as weather and climate
• Botany


  The study of plants
• Zoology


  The science that covers animals and animal life
• Genetics


  The study of heredity
• Medicine


  The science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, disease, and injury
• Scientific Method


  1. Identify and clearly state the problem

  2. Gather information pertinent to the problem

  3. Formulate hypothesis

  4. Test the hypothesis

  5. Draw a generalization or conclusion

  6. Apply the principle (conclusion) to other situations
• Phenomenon


  A thing observed by the senses
• Fact


  A scientifically tested observation
• Controlled experiment


  Manipulating one of the conditions or factors that may affect the result of experiment
• Kinds of variables in an experiment

  • Independent or experimental - factors that are changed
  • Dependent - factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable
• Kinds of graphs


  • Line - proper to use when comparing two continuously changing variables
  • Bar - appropriate to use when comparing a changing value with an unchanging value
• Law


  A statement which describes what happens but does not explain the cause of the occurrence
• Theory


  Hypothesis that can be explained from observations
• Scientific Traits


  • Curiosity
  • Logic and system
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectually honest
  • Hardwork and perseverance
  • Not opinionated
  • Creativity and critical thinking
• Technology


  The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes. It is an applied science.
• Kinds of Technology


  • Machines
  • Products
  • Processes
• Basic Quantities in the International System (SI) of Measurement

  • Length
  • Mass
  • Time
  • Electric current
  • Temperature
  • Amount of substance
  • Luminous intensity / light
• Unit factor method


  A systematic technique for solving numerical problems by cancelling units not desired using fixed relationships, leaving behind the unit desired
• Metric Prefixes


  • giga
  • mega
  • kilo
  • hecto
  • deka
  • deci
  • centi
  • milli
  • micro
  • nano
  • pico
• Fahrenheit temperature scale


  A scale based on 32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for the boiling point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 parts
• Celsius temperature scale


  Also called centigrade temperature scale, is the scale based on 0 for the freezing point of water and 100 for the boiling point of water
• Metric prefixes


  Prefixes like 'kilo' and 'milli' that are used for understanding metric conversions
• Temperature scales in use today

  • Fahrenheit
  • Celsius
  • Kelvin
• Fahrenheit temperature scale


  Based on 32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for the boiling point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 parts
• Centigrade temperature scale


  Scale based on 0 for the freezing point of water and 100 for the boiling point of water
• Kelvin temperature scale


  The base unit of thermodynamic temperature measurement in the International System (SI) of measurement, defined as 1/273.16 of the triple point of pure water
• To convert Celsius to Kelvin

  K = °C + 273
• Volume


  The amount of space that an object occupies
• Regular solid


  • Has length, width, and thickness or height that can each be measured in a single straight line
• Measuring volume of a regular solid

  Multiply length, width and thickness
• Liquid volume


  Measured in cubic meters but the use of liter (L) is widely accepted