quiz

• Ethnic groups in Laos

  • 49 ethnic groups
• Laos


  • Each ethnic group preserves their own dialect, customs, culture and tradition
• "Land of a Million Elephants"


  Nickname for Laos
• Laos is best known for some of Southeast Asia's most spectacular waterfalls, including Tad Fane and Dong Hua Sao
• Official language of Laos

  Lao (Laotian)
• Various foreign languages have often been used by the elite in Laos, with French once being the language of the Lao upper classes and of the cities, but by the 1970s English had begun to displace it
• Religion in Laos


  Theravada Buddhism
• Buddhism first appeared in Laos during the 18th century
• Types of oral literature in Laos

  • Folk tales
  • Stories
  • Proverbs
  • Parables
  • Poems
• Jataka tales


  A collection of folklore stories about the Buddha's previous incarnations

  
• Pha Lak Pha Lam


  A Laotian epic poem
• Three masterpieces of Laotian literature

  • The Vetsantrasadok (Education through reincarnation)
  • The Sin Say - Phangkham (The hero was born holding a bow and arrows in his hand)
  • The Thao Hung
• Dhammapada


  "Words of Doctrine" or "Way of Truth", an important book in Buddhist literature containing 423 verses spoken by the Buddha on various occasions, originally written in Pali language from India

  
• Cambodian literature based on the contemporary world, though still inspired by classical themes, began to emerge in the mid-19th century

  
• Epic poems and folk tales were transmitted orally in Cambodia
• The Cambodian version of the ancient Ramayana epic appears on bas-reliefs and frescoes at temples and pagodas throughout the country

  
• Ang Duong, who is considered a great king of Cambodia from 1841-1860, contributed to Cambodian literature

  
• Kakey & Kong Rei

  Famous Cambodian oral folktales
• Vorvong and Sorvong


  A famous oral folktale of Cambodia

  
• The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta, located near the northwestern coast of Java. In the early 21st century, Indonesia was the most populous country in Southeast Asia and the fourth most populous in the world

  
• Indonesia was formerly known as the Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East Indies)

  
• Official language of Indonesia

  Bahasa Indonesia, a standardized version of Malay, which is the sixth most widely spoken language in the world
• Languages of Indonesian literature

  • Javanese
  • Malay
  • Sundanese
  • Other languages of the peoples of Indonesia
• Indonesian literatures include works orally transmitted and then preserved in written form, oral literature, and modern literatures that began to emerge in the early 20th century as a result of Western influence
• Malaysia is located in the southeast of the Asian continent, consisting of Peninsular Malaysia and the two provinces of Sabah and Sarawak on Borneo
• The capital of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur
• Official language of Malaysia


  Malay, also known as Bahasa Malaysia
• Other languages spoken in Malaysia

  • English
  • Chinese dialects such as Mandarin and Hokkien
  • Tamil
• The earliest works of Malaysian literature were transmitted orally in the absence of writing scripts
• Genres of Malay oral folklore

  • Myths
  • Legends
  • Folk tales
  • Romances
  • Epics
  • Poetry
  • Proverbs
  • Origin stories
  • Oral histories
• Malaysian literature is typically written in any of the country's four main languages: Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil
• Pantun


  A traditional oral form of expression in Malay poetry, consisting of a quatrain with an ABAB rhyme scheme
• Syair


  A form of Malay poetry that can be a narrative poem, a didactic poem used to convey ideas on religion or philosophy, or one to describe historical events
• Three forms of Malay poetry

  • Pantun
  • Syair
  • Mantera (a sacred message of a text, repeated word or phrase in meditation)
• Singapore is a city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator, consisting of the diamond-shaped Singapore Island and some 60 small islets
• Official languages of Singapore

  • Malay
  • Mandarin
  • Tamil
  • English
• Because of its bilingual education policy, most Singaporean citizens speak two or more languages - usually English, their ethnic mother tongue, and potentially others
• Singapore is home to ten major religions, including Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity, and some people even accept more than one faith, though discrimination is still a problem at times
• The literature in Singapore comprises a collection of literary works by Singaporeans in any of the country's four main languages: English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil
• A number of Singaporean writers such as Tan Swie Hian and Kuo Pao Kun have contributed work in more than one language