Different Tests in The Laboratory

• Different Tests in The Laboratory

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Blood Banking
  • Serology
  • Microbiology
  • Histopathology
• Serum


  Needed sample
• Glucose Testing


  • Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
  • Random Blood Sugar (RBS)
  • Glycosylated hemoglobin
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
• Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)


  • Function: elevated levels indicate diabetes miletus
  • Preparation: 8-12 hours fasting required
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Random Blood Sugar (RBS)


  • Function: elevated levels indicate diabetes miletus
  • Preparation: no fasting required
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Glycosylated hemoglobin


  • Other term: Hemoglobin A, C or HbA1C
  • Function: Monitors diabetes mellitus, monitors glucose level for the past 3 months
  • Preparation: No fasting required
  • Sample: Whole Blood
  • Tube: EDTA (Lavender)
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)


  • Function: Detects diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypoglycemia
  • Preparation: 8-10 hours fasting req., Oral intro of glucose load, Extraction of 2nd and 3rd sample every hour after glucose load was introduced
  • Sample: 3-4 Serum Samples
  • Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Lipid Profile


  • Triglycerides
  • Total Cholesterol
  • HDL
  • LDL
• Lipid Profile


  • Function: used to assess coronary risk
  • Preparation: 10-12 hours fasting
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Total Cholesterol Test


  • Function: elevated levels indicate coronary risk
  • Preparation: Fasting may or may not be required
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/Red (SST.Non-additive)
• Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)


  • Function: elevated levels indicate kidney disorders
  • Preparation: none
  • Sample: serum
  • Tube: Gold/ Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Creatinine (CREA)


  • Function: Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/ Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)


  • Function: Elevated levels indicate liver disorders
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/ Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)


  • Function: Elevated levels indicate myocardial infarction or liver disorders
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/ Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Blood Uric Acid (BUA)


  • Function: Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders or gout
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/ Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Electrolytes


  • Tests included: Na, K, Cl
  • Function: Evaluate body fluid balance
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: Gold/ Red (SST/Non-additive)
• Complete Blood Count (CBC)


  • Tests included: RBC count, WBC count, Platelet count, Differential WBC count, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit
  • Function: used to assess the overall patient conditions such as anemia, infection and leukemia
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Whole Blood
  • Tube: EDTA (Lavender)
• Coagulation Studies


  • Tests included: Prothrombin time (Protime/PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APTT)
  • Function: used to assess excessive bleeding, Higher levels indicates problem with coagulation factors
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Whole Blood
  • Tube: 3.2% Sodium Citrate (Light Blue)
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)


  • Function: higher levels indicates inflammation or infection
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Whole Blood
  • Tube: 3.8% Sodium Citrate (Black) or EDTA (Lavender)
• Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS)


  • Function: used to assess different types of conditions such as anemia or leukemia
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Whole Blood
  • Tube: EDTA (Lavender)
• Clinical Microscopy


  • Urine Analysis
  • Fecal Analysis
  • Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
  • Semen Analysis
• Urine Analysis


  • Function: used to assess certain conditions such as urinary tract infection and kidney disorders
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Urine
  • Container: Leak-proof container
• Fecal Analysis


  • Function: used to assess diarrheal conditions to rule out parasitic infections
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: thumb-sized or pea-sized stool
  • Container: Leak-proof container
• Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)


  • Function: used to check for hidden (occult) blood that can be an indication of colon cancer
  • Preparation: Guaiac-based FOBT requires food restrictions while iFOBT/FIT test does not
  • Sample: Stool
  • Container: Leak-proof container
• Semen Analysis


  • Function: used to assess male infertility and successful vasectomy and vasectomy reversal
  • Preparation: 3-5 days abstinence
  • Sample: Semen
  • Container: Leak-proof container
• Blood Banking


  • Compatibility Testing (Crossmatching)
  • Blood Typing (Forward)
  • Blood Typing (Reverse)
• Compatibility Testing (Crossmatching)


  • Tests included: Blood Typing, Major and Minor Crossmatching, Auto control
  • Function: used to assess presence of antibodies in the recipient against the red blood cells of the donor
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Whole Blood and Serum/Plasma, Segment from blood bag
  • Tube: EDTA (Pink/Lavender) and SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
• Blood Typing (Forward)


  • Function: used to assess presence or absence of A and B antigens in RBCs
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Whole Blood
  • Tube: EDTA (Pink/Lavender)
• Blood Typing (Reverse)


  • Function: used to assess presence or absence of A antibodies and B antibodies in serum
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
• Serology


  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  • Antistreptolysin O (ASO)
  • Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
  • Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) Test
  • Hepatitis B Antigen (HBsAg)
  • HIV Rapid Antigen Test
  • Dengue NS1 Antigen Test
  • Dengue IgG/IgM Test
• C-Reactive Protein (CRP)


  • Function: used to assess non-specific infection or inflammation
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
• Antistreptolysin O (ASO)


  • Function: used to assess streptococcal infection
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
• Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)


  • Function: A non-treponemal screening test that is used for the detection of syphilis
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
  • Macroscopic test
• Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) Test


  • Function: A non-treponemal screening test that is used for the detection of syphilis
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
  • Microscopic test
• Hepatitis B Antigen (HBsAg)


  • Function: used to assess recent/current infection with Hepatitis B virus
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
• HIV Rapid Antigen Test


  • Function: A screening test that is used to assess recent/current infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
• Dengue NS1 Antigen Test


  • Function: used to assess recent/current infection with Dengue Virus
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
• Dengue IgG/IgM Test


  • Function: used to asses if the patient have produced antibodies against Dengue Virus which indicates previous infection with Dengue Virus
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Serum
  • Tube: SST/Non-Additive (Gold/Red)
• Microbiology


  • Gram Stain
  • Acid Fast Bacilli Stain (AFB)
  • Culture and Sensitivity Testing
• Gram Stain


  • Function: Used to check for microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) in the patient ample
  • Preparation: None
  • Sample: Body fluids (Urine, Sputum, Wound, etc.)
  • Tube: Leak-Proof container