Respiratory and skeleton system

Cards (24)

  • Gas exchange
    Exchange of gases can occur in different animals using a variety of respiratory organs
  • Respiratory system
    Organs that allow gas exchange
  • Insects
    • Have a tracheal system that exchange gases from the external environment through openings called spiracles
  • Frogs
    • Exchange of gases occurs through their skin and lungs surface
  • Birds
    • Use air sacs and lungs to exchange gases
  • Aquatic organisms
    • Have gills to allow gas exchange between blood and water
  • Mammals
    • Gas exchange process occurs in the alveoli in the lungs
  • Animals, whether vertebrate or invertebrate, have evolved skeletal and muscular systems that give them form and enable them to move
  • Skeletal system
    Necessary to support the body, protect the internal organs, and allow for the movement of an organism
  • Skeleton designs
    • Hydrostatic skeleton
    • Exoskeleton
    • Endoskeleton
  • Hydrostatic skeleton

    • A structure found in many ectothermic organisms and soft-bodied animals consisting of the coelom, a fluid-filled cavity, surrounded by muscles
  • Exoskeleton
    • An external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of a human
  • Endoskeleton
    • A structure that holds an animal from inside
  • Trachea
    A tube about 10 to 12 cm long and 2 cm wide, with a wall stiffened by 16 to 20 characteristic horseshoe-shaped, incomplete cartilage rings that open toward the back and are embedded in a dense connective tissue
  • Stem bronchi
    The two bronchi that the trachea divides into, one for the left and one for the right lung
  • Right main bronchus
    • Has a larger diameter, is oriented more vertically, and is shorter than the left main bronchus
  • Airway branching pattern
    Follows the rules of irregular dichotomy, where the daughter branches may differ greatly in length and diameter
  • Bronchioles
    Have goblet cells completely replaced by Clara cells, a different type of secretory cell
  • Mucus layer
    Covers the epithelium
  • Bronchiole walls
    Gain stability from their structural integration into the gas-exchanging tissues, as they lack cartilage
  • Alveolar ducts
    Consist of alveoli so densely packed along the airway that an airway wall proper is missing
  • Alveolar sacs
    The final generations of the airway tree, ending blindly
  • protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing.
    Larynx
  • deliver air to a diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli in the lungs
    Bronchioles