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Approaches
Behaviourist approach
Operant conditioning
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Stella Shonibare
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Cards (11)
What is
operant conditioning
?
Learning through
consequences
State the three types of consequences
•
Positive reinforcement
•
Negative reinforcement
•
Punishment
Which two consequences increase the likelihood of behaviour?
Positive
and
negative reinforcement
Which consequence decreases the likelihood of behaviour?
Punishment
What was the punishment in Skinner's box?
Receiving an
electric shock
if the rat pressed the
lever
What was the positive reinforcement in Skinner's box?
Receiving a
food pellet
when the rat pressed the
lever
What was the negative reinforcement in Skinner's box?
Pressing
the
lever
to
stop
the
electric shock
What is Postive reinforcement?
When a
desirable consequence
leads to behaviour being
repeated
What were skinners
findings?
•
Positive reinforcement-
when the rat learns to press the lever after repeatedly receiving a food pellet when they press it.
•
Negative reinforcement-
when the rat learns to press the lever after repeatedly experiencing the cessation of electric shocks when they press it.
•
Punishment-
when the rat learns to stop pressing the lever after repeatedly receiving an electric shock when they press it.
Operant
conditioning
A process where behaviour is
shaped
and
maintained
based on its
consequences
View source
Skinner's investigation of how rats learn through operant conditioning
1. Place rats in
Skinner
boxes
2.
Punishment
occurs when rat learns to stop pressing lever after repeatedly receiving electric shock
3.
Positive reinforcement
occurs when rat learns to press lever after repeatedly receiving food pellet
4.
Negative reinforcement
occurs when rat learns to press lever after repeatedly experiencing cessation of electric shocks
View source
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